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Line 9: ==Biomarkers==
==Biomarkers==
The functional lung capacity, pulmonary functions and mortality have been linked to some biomarkers.
The functional lung capacity, pulmonary functions and mortality have been linked to some biomarkers. For example some studies showed that rapidly deteriorating lung function and higher mortality have been associated with high serum level of epithelial or macrophage-related proteins such as SP-A, SP-D, KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen-6), CCL18 (chemokine ligand-18), and MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7) <ref name="Satoh-2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Satoh | first1 = H. | last2 = Kurishima | first2 = K. | last3 = Ishikawa |first3 = H. | last4 = Ohtsuka | first4 = M. | title = Increased levels of KL-6 and subsequent mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases. |journal = J Intern Med | volume = 260 | issue = 5 | pages = 429-34 | month = Nov | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01704.x | PMID = 17040248 }}</ref> <ref name="Prasse-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Prasse | first1 = A. | last2 = Probst | first2 = C. | last3 = Bargagli | first3 = E.| last4 = Zissel | first4 = G. | last5 = Toews | first5 = GB. | last6 = Flaherty | first6 = KR. | last7 = Olschewski | first7 = M. | last8 = Rottoli |first8 = P. | last9 = Müller-Quernheim | first9 = J. | title = Serum CC-chemokine ligand 18 concentration predicts outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Am J Respir Crit Care Med | volume = 179 | issue = 8 | pages = 717-23 | month = Apr | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.200808-1201OC | PMID = 19179488 }}</ref> <ref name="Ishii-2003">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ishii | first1 = H. | last2 = Mukae | first2 = H. | last3 = Kadota | first3 = J. | last4 = Kaida | first4 = H. | last5 = Nagata | first5 = T. | last6 = Abe | first6 = K. | last7 = Matsukura | first7 = S. | last8 = Kohno | first8 = S. | title = High serum concentrations of surfactant protein A in usual interstitial pneumonia compared with non-specific interstitial pneumonia. | journal = Thorax | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 52-7 | month = Jan | year = 2003 | doi = | PMID = 12511721 }}</ref>
This Table summarizes the findings of different research studies.
[[File:Biomarkers in IIPS.png|300px]]
<ref name="Takahashi-2000">{{Cite journal | last1 = Takahashi | first1 = H. | last2 = Fujishima | first2 = T. | last3 = Koba | first3 = H. | last4 = Murakami | first4 = S. | last5 = Kurokawa | first5 = K. | last6 = Shibuya | first6 = Y. | last7 = Shiratori | first7 = M. | last8 = Kuroki | first8 = Y. | last9 = Abe | first9 = S. | title = Serum surfactant proteins A and D as prognostic factors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their relationship to disease extent. | journal = Am J Respir Crit Care Med | volume = 162 | issue = 3 Pt 1 | pages = 1109-14 | month = Sep | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9910080 | PMID = 10988138 }}</ref> <ref name="Greene-2002">{{Cite journal | last1 = Greene | first1 = KE. | last2 = King | first2 = TE. | last3 = Kuroki | first3 = Y. | last4 = Bucher-Bartelson | first4 = B. | last5 = Hunninghake | first5 = GW. | last6 = Newman | first6 = LS. | last7 = Nagae | first7 = H. | last8 = Mason | first8 = RJ. | title = Serum surfactant proteins-A and -D as biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Eur Respir J | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 439-46 | month = Mar | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 11936520 }}</ref> <ref name="Yokoyama-2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Yokoyama | first1 = A. | last2 = Kondo | first2 = K. | last3 = Nakajima | first3 = M. | last4 = Matsushima | first4 = T. | last5 = Takahashi | first5 = T. | last6 = Nishimura | first6 = M. | last7 = Bando | first7 = M. | last8 = Sugiyama | first8 = Y. | last9 = Totani | first9 = Y. | title = Prognostic value of circulating KL-6 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Respirology | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 164-8 | month = Mar | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00834.x | PMID = 16548901 }}</ref> <ref name="Satoh-2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Satoh | first1 = H. | last2 = Kurishima | first2 = K. | last3 = Ishikawa | first3 = H. | last4 = Ohtsuka | first4 = M. | title = Increased levels of KL-6 and subsequent mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases. | journal = J Intern Med | volume = 260 | issue = 5 | pages = 429-34 | month = Nov | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01704.x | PMID = 17040248 }}</ref> <ref name="Takahashi-2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Takahashi | first1 = H. | last2 = Shiratori | first2 = M. | last3 = Kanai | first3 = A. | last4 = Chiba | first4 = H. | last5 = Kuroki | first5 = Y. | last6 = Abe | first6 = S. | title = Monitoring markers of disease activity for interstitial lung diseases with serum surfactant proteins A and D. | journal = Respirology | volume = 11 Suppl | issue = | pages = S51-4 | month = Jan | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00809.x | PMID = 16423272 }}</ref> <ref name="Daniil-2008">{{Cite journal | last1 = Daniil | first1 = ZD. | last2 = Papageorgiou | first2 = E. | last3 = Koutsokera | first3 = A. | last4 = Kostikas | first4 = K. | last5 = Kiropoulos | first5 = T. | last6 = Papaioannou | first6 = AI. | last7 = Gourgoulianis | first7 = KI. | title = Serum levels of oxidative stress as a marker of disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Pulm Pharmacol Ther | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 26-31 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.10.005 | PMID = 17161968 }}</ref> <ref name="Rosas-2008">{{Cite journal | last1 = Rosas | first1 = IO. | last2 = Richards | first2 = TJ. | last3 = Konishi | first3 = K. | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Y. | last5 = Gibson | first5 = K. | last6 = Lokshin | first6 = AE. | last7 = Lindell | first7 = KO. | last8 = Cisneros | first8 = J. | last9 = Macdonald | first9 = SD. | title = MMP1 and MMP7 as potential peripheral blood biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = PLoS Med | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = e93 | month = Apr | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050093 | PMID = 18447576 }}</ref> <ref name="Kinder-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Kinder | first1 = BW. | last2 = Brown | first2 = KK. | last3 = McCormack | first3 = FX. | last4 = Ix | first4 = JH. | last5 = Kervitsky | first5 = A. | last6 = Schwarz | first6 = MI. | last7 = King | first7 = TE. | title = Serum surfactant protein-A is a strong predictor of early mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Chest | volume = 135 | issue = 6 | pages = 1557-63 | month = Jun | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1378/chest.08-2209 | PMID = 19255294 }}</ref> <ref name="Barlo-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Barlo | first1 = NP. | last2 = van Moorsel | first2 = CH. | last3 = Ruven | first3 = HJ. | last4 = Zanen | first4 = P. | last5 = van den Bosch | first5 = JM. | last6 = Grutters | first6 = JC. | title = Surfactant protein-D predicts survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 155-61 | month = Jul | year = 2009 | doi = | PMID = 20560296 }}</ref> <ref name="Prasse-2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = Prasse | first1 = A. | last2 = Pechkovsky | first2 = DV. | last3 = Toews | first3 = GB. | last4 = Schäfer | first4 = M. | last5 = Eggeling | first5 = S. | last6 = Ludwig | first6 = C. | last7 = Germann | first7 = M. | last8 = Kollert | first8 = F. | last9 = Zissel | first9 = G. | title = CCL18 as an indicator of pulmonary fibrotic activity in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and systemic sclerosis. | journal = Arthritis Rheum | volume = 56 | issue = 5 | pages = 1685-93 | month = May | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/art.22559 | PMID = 17469163 }}</ref> <ref name="Gilani-2010">{{Cite journal | last1 = Gilani | first1 = SR. | last2 = Vuga | first2 = LJ. | last3 = Lindell | first3 = KO. | last4 = Gibson | first4 = KF. | last5 = Xue | first5 = J. | last6 = Kaminski | first6 = N. | last7 = Valentine | first7 = VG. | last8 = Lindsay | first8 = EK. | last9 = George | first9 = MP. | title = CD28 down-regulation on circulating CD4 T-cells is associated with poor prognoses of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = PLoS One | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = e8959 | month = | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0008959 | PMID = 20126467 }}</ref> <ref name="Richards-2012">{{Cite journal | last1 = Richards | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Kaminski | first2 = N. | last3 = Baribaud | first3 = F. | last4 = Flavin | first4 = S. | last5 = Brodmerkel | first5 = C. | last6 = Horowitz | first6 = D. | last7 = Li | first7 = K. | last8 = Choi | first8 = J. | last9 = Vuga | first9 = LJ. | title = Peripheral blood proteins predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Am J Respir Crit Care Med | volume = 185 | issue = 1 | pages = 67-76 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.201101-0058OC | PMID = 22016448 }}</ref> <ref name="McKeown-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = McKeown | first1 = S. | last2 = Richter | first2 = AG. | last3 = O'Kane | first3 = C. | last4 = McAuley | first4 = DF. | last5 = Thickett | first5 = DR. | title = MMP expression and abnormal lung permeability are important determinants of outcome in IPF. | journal = Eur Respir J | volume = 33 | issue = 1 | pages = 77-84 | month = Jan | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1183/09031936.00060708 | PMID = 18829682 }}</ref> <ref name="Shinoda-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Shinoda | first1 = H. | last2 = Tasaka | first2 = S. | last3 = Fujishima | first3 = S. | last4 = Yamasawa | first4 = W. | last5 = Miyamoto | first5 = K. | last6 = Nakano | first6 = Y. | last7 = Kamata | first7 = H. | last8 = Hasegawa | first8 = N. | last9 = Ishizaka | first9 = A. | title = Elevated CC chemokine level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is predictive of a poor outcome of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Respiration | volume = 78 | issue = 3 | pages = 285-92 | month = | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1159/000207617 | PMID = 19270434 }}</ref> <ref name="Richter-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Richter | first1 = AG. | last2 = McKeown | first2 = S. | last3 = Rathinam | first3 = S. | last4 = Harper | first4 = L. | last5 = Rajesh | first5 = P. | last6 = McAuley | first6 = DF. | last7 = Heljasvaara | first7 = R. | last8 = Thickett | first8 = DR. | title = Soluble endostatin is a novel inhibitor of epithelial repair in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Thorax | volume = 64 | issue = 2 | pages = 156-61 | month = Feb | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1136/thx.2008.102814 | PMID = 18852160 }}</ref>.
For example some studies showed that rapidly deteriorating lung function and higher mortality have been associated with high serum level of epithelial or macrophage-related proteins such as SP-A, SP-D, KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen-6), CCL18 (chemokine ligand-18), and MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7) <ref name="Satoh-2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Satoh | first1 = H. | last2 = Kurishima | first2 = K. | last3 = Ishikawa |first3 = H. | last4 = Ohtsuka | first4 = M. | title = Increased levels of KL-6 and subsequent mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases. |journal = J Intern Med | volume = 260 | issue = 5 | pages = 429-34 | month = Nov | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01704.x | PMID = 17040248 }}</ref> <ref name="Prasse-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Prasse | first1 = A. | last2 = Probst | first2 = C. | last3 = Bargagli | first3 = E.| last4 = Zissel | first4 = G. | last5 = Toews | first5 = GB. | last6 = Flaherty | first6 = KR. | last7 = Olschewski | first7 = M. | last8 = Rottoli |first8 = P. | last9 = Müller-Quernheim | first9 = J. | title = Serum CC-chemokine ligand 18 concentration predicts outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal = Am J Respir Crit Care Med | volume = 179 | issue = 8 | pages = 717-23 | month = Apr | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.200808-1201OC | PMID = 19179488 }}</ref> <ref name="Ishii-2003">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ishii | first1 = H. | last2 = Mukae | first2 = H. | last3 = Kadota | first3 = J. | last4 = Kaida | first4 = H. | last5 = Nagata | first5 = T. | last6 = Abe | first6 = K. | last7 = Matsukura | first7 = S. | last8 = Kohno | first8 = S. | title = High serum concentrations of surfactant protein A in usual interstitial pneumonia compared with non-specific interstitial pneumonia. | journal = Thorax | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 52-7 | month = Jan | year = 2003 | doi = | PMID = 12511721 }}</ref>
==References==
==References==
Revision as of 00:54, 17 November 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2]
Natural history and Complications Biomarkers The functional lung capacity, pulmonary functions and mortality have been linked to some biomarkers. For example some studies showed that rapidly deteriorating lung function and higher mortality have been associated with high serum level of epithelial or macrophage-related proteins such as SP-A, SP-D, KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen-6), CCL18 (chemokine ligand-18), and MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7) [1] [2] [3]
References
↑ Satoh, H.; Kurishima, K.; Ishikawa, H.; Ohtsuka, M. (2006). "Increased levels of KL-6 and subsequent mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases". J Intern Med . 260 (5): 429–34. doi :10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01704.x . PMID 17040248 . ↑ Prasse, A.; Probst, C.; Bargagli, E.; Zissel, G.; Toews, GB.; Flaherty, KR.; Olschewski, M.; Rottoli, P.; Müller-Quernheim, J. (2009). "Serum CC-chemokine ligand 18 concentration predicts outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 179 (8): 717–23. doi :10.1164/rccm.200808-1201OC . PMID 19179488 . ↑ Ishii, H.; Mukae, H.; Kadota, J.; Kaida, H.; Nagata, T.; Abe, K.; Matsukura, S.; Kohno, S. (2003). "High serum concentrations of surfactant protein A in usual interstitial pneumonia compared with non-specific interstitial pneumonia". Thorax . 58 (1): 52–7. PMID 12511721 .
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