Hypopharyngeal cancer: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]
{{Hypopharyngeal cancer}}
{{Hypopharyngeal cancer}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{Faizan}}
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50.
* Men are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers.


==Risk Factors==
{{SK}} Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx, SCC of the hypopharynx, hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
* [[Smoking]]
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer overview|Overview]]==
* [[Alcohol]]
* [[Tobacco use]]


==Natural History , Complications and Prognosis==
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
===Complications===
* Airway obstruction
* [[Difficulty swallowing]]
* [[Pain during swallowing]]
* Disfigurement of the neck or face
* Hardening of the skin of the neck
* Loss of voice and speaking ability
* Spread of the cancer to other body areas (metastasis)
===Prognosis===
Throat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life. After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube


==Diagnosis==
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer classification|Classification]]==
===Symptoms===
* Hoarseness of voice
* Change in voice
* Lump in the neck
* [[Dysphagia]]
* [[Odynophagia]]
===Laboratory Tests===
====Biopsy====
* Biopsy of the tumor yields correct diagnosis


===Chest X Ray===
* X-ray chest helps in identifying [[metastasis]].
===CT Scan===
* CT scan of neck, head and throat helps in diagnosis


==Treatment==
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* The goal of treatment is to completely remove the cancer and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body.
 
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer causes|Causes]]==


===Medical Treatment===
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases]]==


* When the [[tumor]] is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is often used to preserve the voice box.
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


===Surgery===
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


* When the tumor is small, either surgery or radiation therapy alone can be used to remove the tumor.
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer screening|Screening]]==


Some patients need surgery to remove the tumor, including all or part of the [[vocal cords]] (laryngectomy). If you have a [[laryngectomy]], speech therapy can help you learn other ways to talk.
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
===Supportive Treatment===
Many patients also need swallowing therapy after treatment to help them adjust to the changes in the structure of the throat.


===Prevention===
==[[Hypopharyngeal cancer diagnosis|Diagnosis]]==
* Avoid [[smoking]]
[[Hypopharyngeal cancer staging|Staging]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer ct |CT]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer mri|MRI]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
* Limit or avoid [[alcohol]] use.
 
==References==
==Treatment==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer surgery|Surgery]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hypopharyngeal cancer future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==Case Studies==
:[[Hypopharyngeal cancer case study one|Case #1]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
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[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 16:51, 22 January 2019

For patient information click here

Hypopharyngeal cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiogram or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hypopharyngeal cancer On the Web

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FDA on Hypopharyngeal cancer

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypopharyngeal cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypopharyngeal cancer

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx, SCC of the hypopharynx, hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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