Hepatitis A virus: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Changes made per Mahshid's request)
 
Line 49: Line 49:
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 17:55, 18 September 2017

Hepatitis Main Page

Hepatitis A

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hepatitis A from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

Ultrasound

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Hepatitis A virus On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatitis A virus

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hepatitis A virus

CDC on Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis A virus in the news

Blogs on Hepatitis A virus

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hepatitis A

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatitis A virus

This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s).  For clinical aspects of the disease, see Hepatitis A.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Hepatitis A infection is caused by the hepatitis A virus.

Taxonomy

Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA virus; positive-strand viruses; Picornavirales; Picornaviridae; Hepatovirus

Biology

Electron micrograph of the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), an RNA virus that can survive up to a month at room temperature. Courtesy: Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)[1]

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a 27 nm, non-enveloped, icosahedral, ssRNA virus with a single serovar. So far, 4 different genotypes have been identified in hepatitis A viruses, all belonging to the same serotype.[2]

HAV has no lipid envelope and is stable when excreted from the infected liver to the bile to enter the gastrointestinal tract. It has been found to survive in experimentally contaminated fresh water, seawater, wastewater, soils, marine sediment, live oysters, and creme-filled cookies.[3]

HAV is extremely resistant to degradation by environmental conditions, a property that allows its maintenance and spread within populations.[3]

Genome

The HAV genome is encoded in 7474 nucleotides, which are divided into three regions:

The reading frame encodes a polypeptide that is processed by a viral protease. This process takes place cotranslationally, and leads to the formation of:

Tropism

Similarly to other hepatitis viruses, the hepatitis A virus demonstrates tropism for the liver cells. The hepatocytes represent the predominant site for viral replication.[4]

Natural Reservoir

References

  1. "http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp". External link in |title= (help)
  2. Lemon SM, Jansen RW, Brown EA (1992). "Genetic, antigenic and biological differences between strains of hepatitis A virus". Vaccine. 10 Suppl 1: S40–4. PMID 1335657.
  3. 3.0 3.1 "Hepatitis A" (PDF).
  4. Lemon SM (1997). "Type A viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention". Clin Chem. 43 (8 Pt 2): 1494–9. PMID 9265900.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Hepatitis A".

Template:WH Template:WS