Hemolytic-uremic syndrome classification: Difference between revisions

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{{HUS}}
{{HUS}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{S.G.}}, {{AHS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
HUS may be classified according  etiology  tinto 4 subtypes:
[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]] may be classified as typical (caused by [[Shiga toxin E. coli|Shiga-toxin producing ''E. coli''/]] [[Shigella infection]]) or atypical (caused by [[complement]] factor abnormalities, other [[viral]] or [[bacterial infections]], [[HIV]], [[malignancy]], [[Organ transplant|organ transplantation]], and rarely [[SLE]] and [[pregnancy]] related).
*HUS (D+HUS) <ref name=":0" />
==Classification==
*non-diarrhea-associated HUS (D−HUS) that  also called atypical HUS<ref name=":0" />
 
*''Streptococcus pneumoniae''‐associated HUS<ref name="KarpmanLoos2017" />
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may be classified as follows:
*Diacylglycerol kinase‐ε (DGKE)‐associated HUS<ref name="KarpmanLoos2017" />
 
=== '''Typical Or Diarrhea Related''' ===
* [[Shiga toxin-producing E. coli|Shiga toxin producing E. Coli]]/ [[Shigella infection]]


==Classification==
=== Atypical or Non Diarrheal ===


Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may be classified according to diarrhea-associated  into subtypes :<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal
==== Primary Causes ====
| author = [[Gaute Reier Jenssen]], [[Eirik Hovland]], [[Anna Bjerre]], [[Hans-Jacob Bangstad]], [[Karin Nygard]] & [[Line Vold]]
* [[Complement]] factor abnormalities
| title = Incidence and etiology of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children in Norway, 1999-2008--a retrospective study of hospital records to assess the sensitivity of surveillance
** [[Complement]] factor H (CFH) [[mutation]]/ factor H [[deficiency]] ([[autosomal dominant]])<ref name="pmid14978182">{{cite journal| author=Dragon-Durey MA, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Loirat C, Blouin J, Niaudet P, Deschenes G et al.| title=Heterozygous and homozygous factor h deficiencies associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: report and genetic analysis of 16 cases. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2004 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 787-95 | pmid=14978182 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14978182  }} </ref>
| journal = [[BMC infectious diseases]]
** [[Complement factor I]] (CFI) [[deficiency]] ([[acquired]] [[antibody]] mediated)<ref name="pmid15173250">{{cite journal| author=Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Dragon-Durey MA, Blouin J, Vigneau C, Kuypers D, Boudailliez B et al.| title=Complement factor I: a susceptibility gene for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | journal=J Med Genet | year= 2004 | volume= 41 | issue= 6 | pages= e84 | pmid=15173250 | doi= | pmc=1735822 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15173250 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15917334">{{cite journal| author=Kavanagh D, Kemp EJ, Mayland E, Winney RJ, Duffield JS, Warwick G et al.| title=Mutations in complement factor I predispose to development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2005 | volume= 16 | issue= 7 | pages= 2150-5 | pmid=15917334 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2005010103 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15917334  }} </ref>
| volume = 14
** [[Membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1|Membrane]] co-factor [[protein]] [[deficiency]] (MCP, [[CD46]])<ref name="pmid17914026">{{cite journal| author=Fang CJ, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Liszewski MK, Pianetti G, Noris M, Goodship TH et al.| title=Membrane cofactor protein mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), fatal Stx-HUS, C3 glomerulonephritis, and the HELLP syndrome. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 2 | pages= 624-32 | pmid=17914026 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-04-084533 | pmc=2200836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17914026  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16762990">{{cite journal| author=Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Moulton EA, Kavanagh D, Dragon-Durey MA, Blouin J, Caudy A et al.| title=Genetic and functional analyses of membrane cofactor protein (CD46) mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2006 | volume= 17 | issue= 7 | pages= 2017-25 | pmid=16762990 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2005101051 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16762990  }} </ref>
| pages = 265
** [[Factor B]] overactivity ([[complement]] [[factor B]] [[mutation]])<ref name="pmid24652797">{{cite journal| author=Marinozzi MC, Vergoz L, Rybkine T, Ngo S, Bettoni S, Pashov A et al.| title=Complement factor B mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome-disease-relevant or benign? | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2014 | volume= 25 | issue= 9 | pages= 2053-65 | pmid=24652797 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2013070796 | pmc=4147975 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24652797  }} </ref>
| year = 2014
** [[Diacylglycerol kinase]] epsilon gene [[mutations]]<ref name="pmid26887830">{{cite journal| author=Zhu J, Chaki M, Lu D, Ren C, Wang SS, Rauhauser A et al.| title=Loss of diacylglycerol kinase epsilon in mice causes endothelial distress and impairs glomerular Cox-2 and PGE2 production. | journal=Am J Physiol Renal Physiol | year= 2016 | volume= 310 | issue= 9 | pages= F895-908 | pmid=26887830 | doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00431.2015 | pmc=4867310 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26887830  }} </ref>
| month = May
==== Secondary Causes ====
| doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-14-265
* Infection
  | pmid = 24884396
** [[Pneumococcal infections|Pneumococcal infection]] (commonly [[pneumonia]], [[empyema]], [[meningitis]], and less commonly [[pericarditis]], [[peritonitis]], [[otitis media]], and [[bacteremia]])<ref>Copelovitch, L. & Kaplan, B.S. Pediatr Nephrol (2008) 23: 1951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-007-0518-y</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="KarpmanLoos2017" />
** [[HIV]]
   
** Other [[viral]] or [[bacterial infections]]
*HUS (D+HUS) <ref name=":0" />  
* [[Drug]] associated
*non-diarrhea-associated HUS (D−HUS) that  also called atypical HUS<ref name=":0" />
** [[Antineoplastic]]
*''Streptococcus pneumoniae''‐associated HUS<ref name="KarpmanLoos2017">{{cite journal|last1=Karpman|first1=Diana|last2=Loos|first2=Sebastian|last3=Tati|first3=Ramesh|last4=Arvidsson|first4=Ida|title=Haemolytic uraemic syndrome|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=281|issue=2|year=2017|pages=123–148|issn=09546820|doi=10.1111/joim.12546}}</ref>
** [[Immunosuppressive]]
*Diacylglycerol kinase‐ε (DGKE)‐associated HUS<ref name="KarpmanLoos2017">{{cite journal|last1=Karpman|first1=Diana|last2=Loos|first2=Sebastian|last3=Tati|first3=Ramesh|last4=Arvidsson|first4=Ida|title=Haemolytic uraemic syndrome|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=281|issue=2|year=2017|pages=123–148|issn=09546820|doi=10.1111/joim.12546}}</ref>
** [[Anti-platelet]]
* [[Malignancy]]
* [[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid20203157">{{cite journal| author=Fakhouri F, Roumenina L, Provot F, Sallée M, Caillard S, Couzi L et al.| title=Pregnancy-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome revisited in the era of complement gene mutations. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2010 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 859-67 | pmid=20203157 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2009070706 | pmc=2865741 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20203157  }} </ref>
* [[Organ transplantation]]
* Other [[medical]] [[conditions]]( [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[scleroderma]], [[lupus]])


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:48, 20 September 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2], Anila Hussain, MD [3]

Overview

HUS may be classified as typical (caused by Shiga-toxin producing E. coli/ Shigella infection) or atypical (caused by complement factor abnormalities, other viral or bacterial infections, HIV, malignancy, organ transplantation, and rarely SLE and pregnancy related).

Classification

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may be classified as follows:

Typical Or Diarrhea Related

Atypical or Non Diarrheal

Primary Causes

Secondary Causes

References

  1. ↑ Dragon-Durey MA, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Loirat C, Blouin J, Niaudet P, Deschenes G; et al. (2004). "Heterozygous and homozygous factor h deficiencies associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: report and genetic analysis of 16 cases". J Am Soc Nephrol. 15 (3): 787–95. PMID 14978182.
  2. ↑ Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Dragon-Durey MA, Blouin J, Vigneau C, Kuypers D, Boudailliez B; et al. (2004). "Complement factor I: a susceptibility gene for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome". J Med Genet. 41 (6): e84. PMC 1735822. PMID 15173250.
  3. ↑ Kavanagh D, Kemp EJ, Mayland E, Winney RJ, Duffield JS, Warwick G; et al. (2005). "Mutations in complement factor I predispose to development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome". J Am Soc Nephrol. 16 (7): 2150–5. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005010103. PMID 15917334.
  4. ↑ Fang CJ, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Liszewski MK, Pianetti G, Noris M, Goodship TH; et al. (2008). "Membrane cofactor protein mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), fatal Stx-HUS, C3 glomerulonephritis, and the HELLP syndrome". Blood. 111 (2): 624–32. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-04-084533. PMC 2200836. PMID 17914026.
  5. ↑ Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Moulton EA, Kavanagh D, Dragon-Durey MA, Blouin J, Caudy A; et al. (2006). "Genetic and functional analyses of membrane cofactor protein (CD46) mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome". J Am Soc Nephrol. 17 (7): 2017–25. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005101051. PMID 16762990.
  6. ↑ Marinozzi MC, Vergoz L, Rybkine T, Ngo S, Bettoni S, Pashov A; et al. (2014). "Complement factor B mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome-disease-relevant or benign?". J Am Soc Nephrol. 25 (9): 2053–65. doi:10.1681/ASN.2013070796. PMC 4147975. PMID 24652797.
  7. ↑ Zhu J, Chaki M, Lu D, Ren C, Wang SS, Rauhauser A; et al. (2016). "Loss of diacylglycerol kinase epsilon in mice causes endothelial distress and impairs glomerular Cox-2 and PGE2 production". Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 310 (9): F895–908. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00431.2015. PMC 4867310. PMID 26887830.
  8. ↑ Copelovitch, L. & Kaplan, B.S. Pediatr Nephrol (2008) 23: 1951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-007-0518-y
  9. ↑ Fakhouri F, Roumenina L, Provot F, Sallée M, Caillard S, Couzi L; et al. (2010). "Pregnancy-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome revisited in the era of complement gene mutations". J Am Soc Nephrol. 21 (5): 859–67. doi:10.1681/ASN.2009070706. PMC 2865741. PMID 20203157.

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