Heat stroke risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Heat stroke}} | {{Heat stroke}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{SMP}},{{USAMA}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors for heat stroke include: excessive exercise in hot weather, lack of air movement, lack of water access, high humidity, obesity, acute illness, and certain drugs. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors to develop heat stroke could be divided in to 4 major groups:<ref name="pmid8907832">{{cite journal| author=Bricknell MC| title=Heat illness in Cyprus. | journal=J R Army Med Corps | year= 1994 | volume= 140 | issue= 2 | pages= 67-9 | pmid=8907832 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8907832 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19221222">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO |title=Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006 |journal=Circulation |volume=119 |issue=8 |pages=1085–92 |year=2009 |pmid=19221222 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20724966">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Heat illness among high school athletes --- United States, 2005-2009 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=59 |issue=32 |pages=1009–13 |year=2010 |pmid=20724966 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19617585">{{cite journal |vauthors=Capacchione JF, Muldoon SM |title=The relationship between exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and malignant hyperthermia |journal=Anesth. Analg. |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=1065–9 |year=2009 |pmid=19617585 |doi=10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8d9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16934202">{{cite journal |vauthors=Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Watson G |title=Exertional hyponatremia |journal=Curr Sports Med Rep |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=221–2 |year=2006 |pmid=16934202 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* | ===Environmental factors=== | ||
*Heat waves | |||
*High humidity | |||
*Lack of air movement | |||
*Urban heat islands | |||
*Lack of air conditioning | |||
===Compromised health condition=== | |||
*Obesity | |||
*Acute illness | |||
*Skin disorders | |||
*Cardiovascular insufficiency | |||
===Genetic conditions=== | |||
*Malignant hyperthermia | |||
*Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) polymorphisms | |||
===Medications=== | |||
====Classic heat stroke==== | |||
*Diuretics | |||
*Anticholinergics (Atropine) | |||
*β-blockers (Propranolol) | |||
*Antihistamines | |||
*Antidepressants | |||
*Alcohol | |||
*NSAIDs (Aspirin, Acetaminophen) | |||
====Exertional heat stroke==== | |||
*Ergogenic aids (Ephedrine) | |||
*Ecstacy (MDMA) | |||
*Ritalin | |||
*NSAIDs | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 19:45, 24 May 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2],Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Common risk factors for heat stroke include: excessive exercise in hot weather, lack of air movement, lack of water access, high humidity, obesity, acute illness, and certain drugs.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors to develop heat stroke could be divided in to 4 major groups:[1][2][3][4][5]
Environmental factors
- Heat waves
- High humidity
- Lack of air movement
- Urban heat islands
- Lack of air conditioning
Compromised health condition
- Obesity
- Acute illness
- Skin disorders
- Cardiovascular insufficiency
Genetic conditions
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) polymorphisms
Medications
Classic heat stroke
- Diuretics
- Anticholinergics (Atropine)
- β-blockers (Propranolol)
- Antihistamines
- Antidepressants
- Alcohol
- NSAIDs (Aspirin, Acetaminophen)
Exertional heat stroke
- Ergogenic aids (Ephedrine)
- Ecstacy (MDMA)
- Ritalin
- NSAIDs
References
- ↑ Bricknell MC (1994). "Heat illness in Cyprus". J R Army Med Corps. 140 (2): 67–9. PMID 8907832.
- ↑ Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO (2009). "Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006". Circulation. 119 (8): 1085–92. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617. PMID 19221222.
- ↑ "Heat illness among high school athletes --- United States, 2005-2009". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 59 (32): 1009–13. 2010. PMID 20724966.
- ↑ Capacchione JF, Muldoon SM (2009). "The relationship between exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and malignant hyperthermia". Anesth. Analg. 109 (4): 1065–9. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8d9. PMID 19617585.
- ↑ Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Watson G (2006). "Exertional hyponatremia". Curr Sports Med Rep. 5 (5): 221–2. PMID 16934202.