Growth failure

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Growth failure is a medical term for a pattern of a child's growth which is poorer than normal for age, sex, stage of maturation, and genetic height expectation. In general it refers to;

  • A slow growth velocity, and
  • Stunted growth

Growth failure usually has an abnormal cause or causes. Many short children are growing normally and this is not referred to as growth failure.

Linear growth is measured by change of recumbent length in infants until age 2 to 3 years, when a child's height can be measured standing.

Growth failure is a term used to describe failure to grow in length. Growth is a dynamic process that starts before a child is born and continues until the bones fuse after puberty. After puberty, bones continue to mature to achieve prime bone density.Growth in length per year is age dependent and may be affected by many different factors including, but not limited to; hormonal abnormalities, chronic illness, and genetic abnormalities. Failure to grow should be taken seriously as it may indicate a hidden illness, a pediatrician should be consulted if a child is exhibiting slow growth outside of the ranges shown below. All ranges described are averages for the age range. In addition, to rate of growth,the position of the child on the growth chart (which compares other children of the same age) should be observed.

Doctors and families can follow the progress of the children to make sure that they are achieving their appropriate potential.

Differential Diagnosis

Common Causes

Organ system based

Cardiovascular Atrioventricular septal defect , BlandGarlandWhite syndrome , Congenital heart disease, Cor Triatriatum , Double outlet right ventricle , Endocardial fibroelastosis , Fallot's tetralogy, Patent ductus arteriosus, Transposition of great arteries , Ventricular septal defect
Chemical / poisoning Lead poisoning
Dermatologic Leiner Disease
Drug Side Effect Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome , Fetal thalidomide syndrome , Fetal warfarin syndrome , Prednisolone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Adiposogenital dystrophy, Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital type 3 , Adrenomyodystrophy , C21hydroxylase deficiency, Cushing's syndrome , Cystic fibrosis , Diabetes mellitus, Glucocorticoid deficiency, Growth hormone deficiency, Hyperthyroidism, Hypoaldosteronism, Hypopituitarism , Hypothyroidism, KaplowitzBodurtha syndrome , Pseudohypoparathyroidism , Thyroid disease
Environmental Lead poisoning
Gastroenterologic Autoimmune enteropathy , Baber's syndrome , Bile acid synthesis defects , Blind loop syndrome , Chronic diarrhoea, Congenital short bowel , Congenital Vitamin B12 Malabsorption , Glucosegalactose malabsorption , Hirschsprung's disease , Malabsorption syndrome, Microvillus Inclusion Disease , Pseudoobstruction idiopathic intestinal
Genetic 14q+ syndrome , 18Hydroxylase deficiency , 18p minus syndrome , 1q deletion , 2q deletion , 3M syndrome , 3q deletion , 49,XXXXX syndrome , 4p16.3 deletion , Aarskog syndrome , Aase syndrome, Abetalipoproteinaemia, ACAD8 deficiency , Adiposogenital dystrophy, Alagille Syndrome , AlbersSchonberg disease , Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy , AlphaLiduronidase deficiency, Alport Syndrome , Alports syndrome, Alsing syndrome , Aminomethyltransferase deficiency, Andersen disease , Anorexia nervosa, Arginase deficiency , Aspartoacylase deficiency, BardetBiedl syndrome, Barth syndrome , Bloom's syndrome, BonnetDechaumeBlanc syndrome, BowenConradi syndrome , BRESHECK syndrome, Byler Disease , CAH, CAMFAK syndrome , Campomelic dwarfism , Carnitine transporter deficiency , Carnosinase deficiency , Carpenter syndrome , CHARGE syndrome, Chromosome 1, uniparental disomy 1q12 q21 , Chromosome 10 ring syndrome , Chromosome 10, distal trisomy 10q , Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome , Chromosome 11q duplication syndrome , Chromosome 12 ring syndrome , Chromosome 12p deletion , Chromosome 13 ring syndrome , Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome , Chromosome 14 Ring , Chromosome 14 trisomy , Chromosome 15 trisomy , Chromosome 16p, partial duplication , Chromosome 17 ring , Chromosome 18 Ring , Chromosome 19 ring syndrome , Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome , Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome , Chromosome 20 ring , Chromosome 20p deletion syndrome , Chromosome 21 monosomy , Chromosome 22, trisomy , Chromosome 2p deletion syndrome , Chromosome 2p duplication syndrome , Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p , Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q , Chromosome 4 Ring , Chromosome 4 ring syndrome , Chromosome 5, trisomy 5q , Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome , Chromosome 5p tetrasomy syndrome , Chromosome 6 ring syndrome , Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q , Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q , Chromosome 7 ring syndrome , Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome , Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome , Chromosome 9, trisomy , Classic galactosemia ,
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

In alphabetical order [1] [2]

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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