Goiter historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Ancient texts with reference to goiter have been seen dating back to 2700 BC. In 1949, commercial synthesis of levothyroxine was done successfully. | Ancient texts with reference to goiter have been seen dating back to 2700 BC. In the 7th century, two forms of goiter such as steatomatous goiter and [[hyperplastic]]/hyperemic goiter were described by Paulus Aegineta. In 1917, Marine introduced prevention of goiter with [[iodine]] by suggesting a low dose of 1:100000 parts of [[iodine]]. In 1949, commercial synthesis of [[levothyroxine]] was done successfully. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
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*Ancient texts with reference to goiter have been seen dating back to 2700 BC. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *Ancient texts with reference to goiter have been seen dating back to 2700 BC. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*References to goiter as ‘galaganda’ and its description in detail was cited in Indian ayurvedic medicine in the 1400 BC.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16982603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leoutsakos V |title=A short history of the thyroid gland |journal=Hormones (Athens) |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=268–71 |year=2004 |pmid=16982603 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *References to goiter as ‘galaganda’ and its description in detail was cited in Indian ayurvedic medicine in the 1400 BC.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16982603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leoutsakos V |title=A short history of the thyroid gland |journal=Hormones (Athens) |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=268–71 |year=2004 |pmid=16982603 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In the 7th century, two forms of goiter such as steatomatous goiter and hyperplastic/hyperemic goiter were described by Paulus Aegineta.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In the 7th century, two forms of goiter such as steatomatous goiter and [[hyperplastic]]/hyperemic goiter were described by Paulus Aegineta.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1656, the exact anatomical structure of the thyroid gland was discovered by a famous anatomist named Thomas Wharton.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1656, the exact [[Anatomical|anatomical structure]] of the [[thyroid gland]] was discovered by a famous [[anatomist]] named [[Thomas Wharton Jones|Thomas Wharton]].<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1836, Thomas Wilkinson King, the father of endocrinology described thyroid colloid, and its importance and wrote a paper on the ‘Observations on the Thyroid Gland’.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1836, Thomas Wilkinson King, the father of [[endocrinology]] described [[Thyroid Gland|thyroid]] [[colloid]], and its importance and wrote a paper on the ‘Observations on the Thyroid Gland’.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*While working on monkeys between the years 1884 and 1886, Sir Horsley discovered that thyroidectomy led to myxedema and cretinism.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *While working on monkeys between the years 1884 and 1886, Sir Horsley discovered that [[thyroidectomy]] led to [[myxedema]] and [[cretinism]].<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In the 19th century iodine was discovered by the Parisians Courtois.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In the 19th century [[iodine]] was discovered by the Parisians Courtois.<ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies.<ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *In 1974, an international committee of [[thyroid]] [[pathologists]] published the first [[WHO]] histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various [[clinical]], [[pathological]], and epidemiological studies.<ref name="pmid2914297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH |title=The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition |journal=Cancer |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=908–11 |year=1989 |pmid=2914297 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*In the 6th century, the surgical treatment of goiter was mentioned by Aetius. Aetius also made references to ‘atheromatous’ goiters. <ref>name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In the 6th century, the surgical treatment of goiter was mentioned by Aetius. Aetius also made references to ‘atheromatous’ goiters. <ref>name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In the 7th century, thyroid surgery on struma was performed by Paulus Aegineta. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In the 7th century, [[thyroid]] [[surgery]] on struma was performed by Paulus Aegineta. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In the 10th century, Albucasis removed a large goiter of a man under opium sedation which is supposedly the first reliable account of a thyroid surgery. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In the 10th century, Albucasis removed a large goiter of a man under opium sedation which is supposedly the first reliable account of a [[thyroid]] [[surgery]]. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In the 14th century, Guy de Chaliac, a french surgeon reported that goiter as a hereditary disease and recommended surgical treatment for it. <ref name="pmid16982603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leoutsakos V |title=A short history of the thyroid gland |journal=Hormones (Athens) |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=268–71 |year=2004 |pmid=16982603 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In the 14th century, Guy de Chaliac, a french [[surgeon]] reported that [[goiter]] as a [[hereditary disease]] and recommended surgical treatment for it. <ref name="pmid16982603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leoutsakos V |title=A short history of the thyroid gland |journal=Hormones (Athens) |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=268–71 |year=2004 |pmid=16982603 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Coindet of geneva was the first person to use iodine as a remedy for goiter and prescribed hydriodate of potash or | *Coindet of geneva was the first person to use [[iodine]] as a remedy for goiter and prescribed hydriodate of potash or ‘[[tincture of iodine]]’. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1833, salt iodization was suggested by Boussingault in order to prevent goiter. In 1835, he also demonstrated that the incidence of goiter was reduced when salt from goiter-free regions was used in regions with endemic goiter. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1833, salt iodization was suggested by Boussingault in order to prevent goiter. In 1835, he also demonstrated that the incidence of goiter was reduced when salt from goiter-free regions was used in regions with [[endemic]] goiter. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1907, David Marine proved that iodine is necessary for thyroid function. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1907, David Marine proved that iodine is necessary for [[thyroid]] [[Function (biology)|function]]. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1909, the nobel prize was awarded to Emil Theodor Kocher, for his work in thyroidology. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1909, the nobel prize was awarded to Emil Theodor Kocher, for his work in thyroidology. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1917, Marine introduced prevention of goiter with iodine by suggesting a low dose of 1:100000 parts of iodine. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1917, Marine introduced prevention of goiter with [[iodine]] by suggesting a low dose of 1:100000 parts of [[iodine]]. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1943, Hertz, Roberts and Leblond used radioactive iodine was used in the treatment | *In 1943, Hertz, Roberts and Leblond used [[radioactive iodine]] was used in the treatment of [[Graves' disease|Grave's disease]]. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In 1949, commercial synthesis of levothyroxine was done successfully. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | *In 1949, commercial synthesis of [[levothyroxine]] was done successfully. <ref name="pmid21966648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A |title=Thyroidology over the ages |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S121–6 |year=2011 |pmid=21966648 |pmc=3169859 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.83347 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:02, 13 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Ancient texts with reference to goiter have been seen dating back to 2700 BC. In the 7th century, two forms of goiter such as steatomatous goiter and hyperplastic/hyperemic goiter were described by Paulus Aegineta. In 1917, Marine introduced prevention of goiter with iodine by suggesting a low dose of 1:100000 parts of iodine. In 1949, commercial synthesis of levothyroxine was done successfully.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Ancient texts with reference to goiter have been seen dating back to 2700 BC. [1]
- References to goiter as ‘galaganda’ and its description in detail was cited in Indian ayurvedic medicine in the 1400 BC.[1][2]
- In the 7th century, two forms of goiter such as steatomatous goiter and hyperplastic/hyperemic goiter were described by Paulus Aegineta.[1]
- In 1656, the exact anatomical structure of the thyroid gland was discovered by a famous anatomist named Thomas Wharton.[1]
- In 1836, Thomas Wilkinson King, the father of endocrinology described thyroid colloid, and its importance and wrote a paper on the ‘Observations on the Thyroid Gland’.[1]
- While working on monkeys between the years 1884 and 1886, Sir Horsley discovered that thyroidectomy led to myxedema and cretinism.[1]
- In the 19th century iodine was discovered by the Parisians Courtois.[1]
- In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies.[3]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In the 6th century, the surgical treatment of goiter was mentioned by Aetius. Aetius also made references to ‘atheromatous’ goiters. [4]
- In the 7th century, thyroid surgery on struma was performed by Paulus Aegineta. [1]
- In the 10th century, Albucasis removed a large goiter of a man under opium sedation which is supposedly the first reliable account of a thyroid surgery. [1]
- In the 14th century, Guy de Chaliac, a french surgeon reported that goiter as a hereditary disease and recommended surgical treatment for it. [2] [1]
- Coindet of geneva was the first person to use iodine as a remedy for goiter and prescribed hydriodate of potash or ‘tincture of iodine’. [1]
- In 1833, salt iodization was suggested by Boussingault in order to prevent goiter. In 1835, he also demonstrated that the incidence of goiter was reduced when salt from goiter-free regions was used in regions with endemic goiter. [1]
- In 1907, David Marine proved that iodine is necessary for thyroid function. [1]
- In 1909, the nobel prize was awarded to Emil Theodor Kocher, for his work in thyroidology. [1]
- In 1917, Marine introduced prevention of goiter with iodine by suggesting a low dose of 1:100000 parts of iodine. [1]
- In 1943, Hertz, Roberts and Leblond used radioactive iodine was used in the treatment of Grave's disease. [1]
- In 1949, commercial synthesis of levothyroxine was done successfully. [1]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A (2011). "Thyroidology over the ages". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 15 (Suppl 2): S121–6. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.83347. PMC 3169859. PMID 21966648.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leoutsakos V (2004). "A short history of the thyroid gland". Hormones (Athens). 3 (4): 268–71. PMID 16982603.
- ↑ Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.
- ↑ name="pmid21966648">Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A, Islam A (2011). "Thyroidology over the ages". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 15 (Suppl 2): S121–6. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.83347. PMC 3169859. PMID 21966648.