Fever of unknown origin laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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==Laboratory Workup of Fever of Unknown Origin==
==Laboratory Workup of Fever of Unknown Origin==
* [[Complete blood count|Complete blood count with differential]]
Laboratory work up for FUO is directed by history and physical examination which may provide some clues helping in narrowing down investigations. However some laboratory investigations listed below are mandatory in cases of FUO.<ref name="pmid26031980">{{cite journal| author=Mulders-Manders C, Simon A, Bleeker-Rovers C| title=Fever of unknown origin. | journal=Clin Med (Lond) | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 280-4 | pmid=26031980 | doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-280 | pmc=4953114 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26031980  }}</ref><ref name="pmid23977936">{{cite journal| author=Kaya A, Ergul N, Kaya SY, Kilic F, Yilmaz MH, Besirli K | display-authors=etal| title=The management and the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2013 | volume= 11 | issue= 8 | pages= 805-15 | pmid=23977936 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2013.814436 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23977936  }}</ref><ref name="pmid22475734">{{cite journal| author=Hayakawa K, Ramasamy B, Chandrasekar PH| title=Fever of unknown origin:  an evidence-based review. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 344 | issue= 4 | pages= 307-16 | pmid=22475734 | doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31824ae504 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22475734  }}</ref>
* [[Basic metabolic panel]]
 
* [[Liver function test]] including [[AST]], [[ALT]], [[LDH]], [[bilirubin]], and [[alkaline phosphatase]]
*[[Complete blood count|Complete blood count with differential]]
* [[Creatine kinase]]
*[[Hemoglobin]]
* [[Blood cultures]] (at least 2 sets)
*[[Basic metabolic panel]]
* [[Urinalysis]] with microscopic examination
*[[Liver function test]] including aminotransferases ([[AST]] and [[ALT]]), [[LDH]], [[bilirubin]], and [[alkaline phosphatase]]
* [[Urine culture]]s
*[[Creatine kinase]]
* [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]]
*[[Blood cultures]] (at least 2 sets)
* [[C-reactive protein]]
*[[Urinalysis]] with microscopic examination
* [[Gamma-glutamyl transferase]]
*[[Urine culture]]s
* [[Coombs test]]
*[[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]]
* [[Cold agglutinins]]
*[[C-reactive protein]]
* [[Ferritin]]
*[[Gamma-glutamyl transferase]]
* [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme]]
*[[Antinuclear antibodies]]
* [[Thyroid peroxidase]] and [[ATG|anti-thyroglobulin antibodies]]
*[[Rheumatoid factor]]
* [[Antinuclear antibodies]]
*[[Serum protein electrophoresis]]
* [[Rheumatoid factor]]
*[[Tuberculin skin test]]
* [[Cryoglobulins]]
 
* [[Cytomegalovirus]] [[serology]] and [[heterophile antibody test]] if positive for [[Reactive lymphocyte|atypical lymphocytes]]
Other Laboratory work up done in case FUO other than mandatory work up are :<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 1058-4838| volume = 24| issue = 3| pages = 291–300; quiz 301-302| last = Hirschmann| first = J. V.| title = Fever of unknown origin in adults| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 1997-03| pmid = 9114175}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.idc.2007.09.004| issn = 0891-5520| volume = 21| issue = 4| pages = 1137–1187, xi| last = Cunha| first = Burke A.| title = Fever of unknown origin: focused diagnostic approach based on clinical clues from the history, physical examination, and laboratory tests| journal = Infectious Disease Clinics of North America| date = 2007-12| pmid = 18061092}}</ref>
* [[Q fever]] [[serology]] for patients with exposure to livestocks
 
* [[HIV]] [[serology]]
*HIV serology
* [[Serum protein electrophoresis]]
*[[Coombs test (patient information)|Coombs test]]
* [[Tuberculin skin test]]
*[[Cold agglutinins]]
* [[Fecal occult blood test]]<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 1058-4838| volume = 24| issue = 3| pages = 291–300; quiz 301-302| last = Hirschmann| first = J. V.| title = Fever of unknown origin in adults| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 1997-03| pmid = 9114175}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.idc.2007.09.004| issn = 0891-5520| volume = 21| issue = 4| pages = 1137–1187, xi| last = Cunha| first = Burke A.| title = Fever of unknown origin: focused diagnostic approach based on clinical clues from the history, physical examination, and laboratory tests| journal = Infectious Disease Clinics of North America| date = 2007-12| pmid = 18061092}}</ref>
*[[Heterophile antibody test]]
*[[Thyroid peroxidase]] and [[anti thyroid antibody test]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Ailments of unknown etiology]]
[[Category:Ailments of unknown etiology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 14:48, 25 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: febris continua e causa ignota; febris e causa ignota; febris E.C.I.; fever/pyrexia of obscured/undetermined/uncertain/unidentifiable/unknown focus/origin/source; fever/pyrexia without a focus/origin/source; FUO; PUO


Laboratory Workup of Fever of Unknown Origin

Laboratory work up for FUO is directed by history and physical examination which may provide some clues helping in narrowing down investigations. However some laboratory investigations listed below are mandatory in cases of FUO.[1][2][3]

Other Laboratory work up done in case FUO other than mandatory work up are :[4][5]

References

  1. Mulders-Manders C, Simon A, Bleeker-Rovers C (2015). "Fever of unknown origin". Clin Med (Lond). 15 (3): 280–4. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-280. PMC 4953114. PMID 26031980.
  2. Kaya A, Ergul N, Kaya SY, Kilic F, Yilmaz MH, Besirli K; et al. (2013). "The management and the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 11 (8): 805–15. doi:10.1586/14787210.2013.814436. PMID 23977936.
  3. Hayakawa K, Ramasamy B, Chandrasekar PH (2012). "Fever of unknown origin: an evidence-based review". Am J Med Sci. 344 (4): 307–16. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31824ae504. PMID 22475734.
  4. Hirschmann, J. V. (1997-03). "Fever of unknown origin in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 24 (3): 291–300, quiz 301-302. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 9114175. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. Cunha, Burke A. (2007-12). "Fever of unknown origin: focused diagnostic approach based on clinical clues from the history, physical examination, and laboratory tests". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 21 (4): 1137–1187, xi. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.09.004. ISSN 0891-5520. PMID 18061092. Check date values in: |date= (help)