FGF18: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Fibroblast growth factor 18''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''FGF18'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9660775">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohbayashi N, Hoshikawa M, Kimura S, Yamasaki M, Fukui S, Itoh N | title = Structure and expression of the mRNA encoding a novel fibroblast growth factor, FGF-18 | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 273 | issue = 29 | pages = 18161–4 |date=Aug 1998 | pmid = 9660775 | pmc =  | doi =10.1074/jbc.273.29.18161 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9742123">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP, Hill D, Ring BD, Scully S, Bolon B, DeRose M, Luethy R, Simonet WS, Arakawa T, Danilenko DM | title = FGF-18, a Novel Member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family, Stimulates Hepatic and Intestinal Proliferation | journal = Mol Cell Biol | volume = 18 | issue = 10 | pages = 6063–74 |date=Nov 1998 | pmid = 9742123 | pmc = 109192 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FGF18 fibroblast growth factor 18| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8817| accessdate = }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Fibroblast growth factor 18
| HGNCid = 3674
| Symbol = FGF18
| AltSymbols =; FGF-18; ZFGF5
| OMIM = 603726
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 2867
| MGIid = 1277980
  | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FGF18_206987_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_FGF18_211029_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_FGF18_211485_s_at_tn.png
  | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}}  
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005730 |text = nucleolus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001503 |text = ossification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009653 |text = anatomical structure morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030324 |text = lung development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 8817
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000156427
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003853
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003862
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 170779272
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 170816767
    | Hs_Uniprot = O76093
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14172
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000057967
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008005
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032031
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =   
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 33017430
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 33047400
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q5SQB2
  }}
}}
'''Fibroblast growth factor 18''', also known as '''FGF18''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FGF18 fibroblast growth factor 18| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8817| accessdate = }}</ref>


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{{PBB_Summary
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. It has been shown in vitro that this protein is able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Studies of the similar proteins in mouse and chick suggested that this protein is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates proliferation in a number of tissues, most notably the liver and small intestine. Knockout studies of the similar gene in mice implied the role of this protein in regulating proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FGF18 fibroblast growth factor 18| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8817| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = The [[protein]] encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including [[embryo]]nic development, cell growth, [[morphogenesis]], tissue repair, [[tumor]] growth, and invasion. It has been shown [[in vitro]] that this protein is able to induce [[neurite outgrowth]] in PC12 cells. FGF18 signals through [[fibroblast growth factor receptor]] FGFR3 to promote chondrogenesis <ref name="PMID15781473">{{Cite journal | last1 = Davidson | first1 = D. | last2 = Blanc | first2 = A. | last3 = Filion | first3 = D. | last4 = Wang | first4 = H. | last5 = Plut | first5 = P. | last6 = Pfeffer | first6 = G. | last7 = Buschmann | first7 = M. D. | last8 = Henderson | first8 = J. E. | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M410148200 | title = Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 18 Signals through FGF Receptor 3 to Promote Chondrogenesis | journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 21 | pages = 20509–20515 | year = 2005 | pmid =  15781473| pmc = }}</ref> and has been shown to cause thickening of cartilage in a [[murine]] model of [[osteoarthritis]],<ref name="pmid15896984">{{Cite journal | last1 = Moore | first1 = E. | last2 = Bendele | first2 = A. | last3 = Thompson | first3 = D. | last4 = Littau | first4 = A. | last5 = Waggie | first5 = K. | last6 = Reardon | first6 = B. | last7 = Ellsworth | first7 = J. | doi = 10.1016/j.joca.2005.03.003 | title = Fibroblast growth factor-18 stimulates chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in a rat model of injury-induced osteoarthritis | journal = Osteoarthritis and Cartilage | volume = 13 | issue = 7 | pages = 623–631 | year = 2005 | pmid =  15896984| pmc = }}</ref> and the recombinant version of it (sprifermin) will soon enter trials as a potential treatment for [[osteoarthritis]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.merckgroup.com/en/media/extNewsDetail.html?newsId=502569FC1F1AFE50C1257B2F00538E80&newsType=1|accessdate=2013-04-02|title=Merck Announces Collaboration With Nordic Bioscience for Sprifermin in Osteoarthritis of the Knee}}</ref> Studies of the similar proteins in [[mouse]] and [[chicken|chick]] suggested that this protein is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates proliferation in a number of tissues, most notably the [[liver]] and [[small intestine]]. Knockout studies of the similar gene in mice implied the role of this protein in regulating proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures.<ref name="entrez" />
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Haque T, Nakada S, Hamdy RC |title=A review of FGF18: Its expression, signaling pathways and possible functions during embryogenesis and post-natal development. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 97-105 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17128416 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Haque T, Nakada S, Hamdy RC |title=A review of FGF18: Its expression, signaling pathways and possible functions during embryogenesis and post-natal development |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 97–105 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17128416 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ohbayashi N, Hoshikawa M, Kimura S, ''et al.'' |title=Structure and expression of the mRNA encoding a novel fibroblast growth factor, FGF-18. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 29 |pages= 18161-4 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9660775 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hu MC, Wang YP, Qiu WR |title=Human fibroblast growth factor-18 stimulates fibroblast cell proliferation and is mapped to chromosome 14p11 |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue= 16 |pages= 2635–42 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10353607 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1202616 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP, ''et al.'' |title=FGF-18, a novel member of the fibroblast growth factor family, stimulates hepatic and intestinal proliferation. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=18 |issue= 10 |pages= 6063-74 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9742123 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Xu J, Liu Z, Ornitz DM |title=Temporal and spatial gradients of Fgf8 and Fgf17 regulate proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures |journal=Development |volume=127 |issue= 9 |pages= 1833–43 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10751172 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hu MC, Wang YP, Qiu WR |title=Human fibroblast growth factor-18 stimulates fibroblast cell proliferation and is mapped to chromosome 14p11. |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue= 16 |pages= 2635-42 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10353607 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1202616 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788–95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi=10.1101/gr.143000  | pmc=310948  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Xu J, Liu Z, Ornitz DM |title=Temporal and spatial gradients of Fgf8 and Fgf17 regulate proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures. |journal=Development |volume=127 |issue= 9 |pages= 1833-43 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10751172 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Whitmore TE |title=Assignment of fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) to human chromosome 5q34 by use of radiation hybrid mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=90 |issue= 3–4 |pages= 231–3 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11124520 |doi=10.1159/000056775 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Maurer MF | author3=Sexson S  | display-authors=| last4=Raymond  | first4=F.  | last5=Conklin  | first5=D.  | last6=Deisher  | first6=T.A.  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Simpson JC |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287–92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 | pmc=1083732  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wellenreuther R | author3=Poustka A | display-authors=| last4=Pepperkok  | first4=| last5=Wiemann  | first5=S }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Whitmore TE, Maurer MF, Sexson S, ''et al.'' |title=Assignment of fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) to human chromosome 5q34 by use of radiation hybrid mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=90 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 231-3 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11124520 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Feingold EA  | author3=Grouse LH  | display-authors=3  | last4=Derge  | first4=JG  | last5=Klausner  | first5=RD  | last6=Collins  | first6=FS  | last7=Wagner  | first7=L  | last8=Shenmen  | first8=CM  | last9=Schuler  | first9=GD }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, ''et al.'' |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287-92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Clark HF |title=The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003  | pmc=403697 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Gurney AL  | author3=Abaya E  | display-authors=3  | last4=Baker  | first4=| last5=Baldwin  | first5=| last6=Brush  | first6=J  | last7=Chen  | first7=J  | last8=Chow  | first8=B  | last9=Chui  | first9=C }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Popovici C, Conchonaud F, Birnbaum D, Roubin R |title=Functional phylogeny relates LET-756 to fibroblast growth factor 9 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 38 |pages= 40146–52 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15199049 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M405795200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, ''et al.'' |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265-70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wagner L  | author3=Feingold EA  | display-authors=| last4=Shenmen  | first4=CM  | last5=Grouse  | first5=LH  | last6=Schuler  | first6=| last7=Klein  | first7=SL  | last8=Old  | first8=S  | last9=Rasooly  | first9=R }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Popovici C, Conchonaud F, Birnbaum D, Roubin R |title=Functional phylogeny relates LET-756 to fibroblast growth factor 9. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 38 |pages= 40146-52 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15199049 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M405795200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wiemann S |title=From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136–44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 | pmc=528930  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Arlt D  | author3=Huber W  | display-authors=| last4=Wellenreuther  | first4=| last5=Schleeger  | first5=S | last6=Mehrle  | first6=| last7=Bechtel  | first7=S | last8=Sauermann  | first8=| last9=Korf  | first9=U }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Cormier S, Leroy C, Delezoide AL, Silve C |title=Expression of fibroblast growth factors 18 and 23 during human embryonic and fetal development |journal=Gene Expr. Patterns |volume=5 |issue= 4 |pages= 569–73 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15749088 |doi= 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.10.008 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, ''et al.'' |title=From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136-44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Antoine M |title=Expression pattern of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), their receptors and antagonists in primary endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells |journal=Growth Factors |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 87–95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16019430 |doi= 10.1080/08977190500096004  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wirz W  | author3=Tag CG  | display-authors=3  | last4=Mavituna  | first4=M.  | last5=Emans  | first5=N.  | last6=Korff  | first6=T.  | last7=Stoldt  | first7=V.  | last8=Gressner  | first8=A. M.  | last9=Kiefer  | first9=P. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cormier S, Leroy C, Delezoide AL, Silve C |title=Expression of fibroblast growth factors 18 and 23 during human embryonic and fetal development. |journal=Gene Expr. Patterns |volume=5 |issue= 4 |pages= 569-73 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15749088 |doi= 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.10.008 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mehrle A |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006 |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139  | pmc=1347501  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Rosenfelder H  | author3=Schupp I  | display-authors=3  | last4=Del Val  | first4=C  | last5=Arlt  | first5=D  | last6=Hahne  | first6=F  | last7=Bechtel  | first7=S  | last8=Simpson  | first8=J  | last9=Hofmann  | first9=O }}
*{{cite journal | author=Antoine M, Wirz W, Tag CG, ''et al.'' |title=Expression pattern of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), their receptors and antagonists in primary endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. |journal=Growth Factors |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 87-95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16019430 |doi= 10.1080/08977190500096004 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Antoine M |title=Fibroblast growth factor 16 and 18 are expressed in human cardiovascular tissues and induce on endothelial cells migration but not proliferation |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=346 |issue= 1 |pages= 224–33 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16756958 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.105  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wirz W  | author3=Tag CG  | display-authors=3  | last4=Gressner  | first4=A.M.  | last5=Wycislo  | first5=M.  | last6=Müller  | first6=R.  | last7=Kiefer  | first7=P. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, ''et al.'' |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Riley BM |title=Impaired FGF signaling contributes to cleft lip and palate |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=104 |issue= 11 |pages= 4512–7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17360555 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0607956104 | pmc=1810508  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Mansilla MA  | author3=Ma J  | display-authors=3  | last4=Daack-Hirsch  | first4=S.  | last5=Maher  | first5=B. S.  | last6=Raffensperger  | first6=L. M.  | last7=Russo  | first7=E. T.  | last8=Vieira  | first8=A. R.  | last9=Dode  | first9=C. }}
*{{cite journal | author=Antoine M, Wirz W, Tag CG, ''et al.'' |title=Fibroblast growth factor 16 and 18 are expressed in human cardiovascular tissues and induce on endothelial cells migration but not proliferation. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=346 |issue= 1 |pages= 224-33 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16756958 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.105 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Riley BM, Mansilla MA, Ma J, ''et al.'' |title=Impaired FGF signaling contributes to cleft lip and palate. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=104 |issue= 11 |pages= 4512-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17360555 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0607956104 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
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{{Growth factors}}
{{Growth factor receptor modulators}}

Latest revision as of 04:46, 31 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Fibroblast growth factor 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF18 gene.[1][2][3]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. It has been shown in vitro that this protein is able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. FGF18 signals through fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR3 to promote chondrogenesis [4] and has been shown to cause thickening of cartilage in a murine model of osteoarthritis,[5] and the recombinant version of it (sprifermin) will soon enter trials as a potential treatment for osteoarthritis.[6] Studies of the similar proteins in mouse and chick suggested that this protein is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates proliferation in a number of tissues, most notably the liver and small intestine. Knockout studies of the similar gene in mice implied the role of this protein in regulating proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures.[3]

References

  1. Ohbayashi N, Hoshikawa M, Kimura S, Yamasaki M, Fukui S, Itoh N (Aug 1998). "Structure and expression of the mRNA encoding a novel fibroblast growth factor, FGF-18". J Biol Chem. 273 (29): 18161–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18161. PMID 9660775.
  2. Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP, Hill D, Ring BD, Scully S, Bolon B, DeRose M, Luethy R, Simonet WS, Arakawa T, Danilenko DM (Nov 1998). "FGF-18, a Novel Member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family, Stimulates Hepatic and Intestinal Proliferation". Mol Cell Biol. 18 (10): 6063–74. PMC 109192. PMID 9742123.
  3. 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: FGF18 fibroblast growth factor 18".
  4. Davidson, D.; Blanc, A.; Filion, D.; Wang, H.; Plut, P.; Pfeffer, G.; Buschmann, M. D.; Henderson, J. E. (2005). "Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 18 Signals through FGF Receptor 3 to Promote Chondrogenesis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (21): 20509–20515. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410148200. PMID 15781473.
  5. Moore, E.; Bendele, A.; Thompson, D.; Littau, A.; Waggie, K.; Reardon, B.; Ellsworth, J. (2005). "Fibroblast growth factor-18 stimulates chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in a rat model of injury-induced osteoarthritis". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 13 (7): 623–631. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2005.03.003. PMID 15896984.
  6. Merck Announces Collaboration With Nordic Bioscience for Sprifermin in Osteoarthritis of the Knee, retrieved 2013-04-02

Further reading