FADS2: Difference between revisions

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{{protein
{{Infobox_gene}}
|Name=fatty acid desaturase 2
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=3575
|Symbol=FADS2
|AltSymbols=LLCDL2
|EntrezGene=9415
|OMIM=606149
|RefSeq=NM_004265
|UniProt=O95864
|PDB=
|ECnumber=1.14.19.3
|Chromosome=11
|Arm=q
|Band=12.2
|LocusSupplementaryData=
}}
'''FADS2''' is a human gene.


A recent study did find that FADS2 along with breastfeeding adds about 7 IQ points to those with the "C" version of the gene. Those with the "G" version see no advantage. <ref>[http://www.physorg.com/news113505546.html Gene governs IQ boost from breastfeeding]</ref><ref name="pmid17984066">{{cite journal |author=Caspi A, Williams B, Kim-Cohen J, ''et al'' |title=Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17984066 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0704292104}}</ref>
''This article is about the gene, for main associated enzyme see [[D6D]]''.
 
'''Fatty acid desaturase 2''' (FADS2) is encoded by the ''FADS2'' [[gene]], the associated enzyme is sometimes known as FADS2 as well.<ref name="entrez"/><ref name="pmid10860662">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marquardt A, Stöhr H, White K, Weber BH | title = cDNA cloning, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of three members of the human fatty acid desaturase family | journal = Genomics | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 175–83 |date=June 2000 | pmid = 10860662 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2000.6196 }}</ref>  Its main associated enzyme is [[Delta 6 desaturase]] (D6D) however the human enzyme been shown to also catalyze some delta-8 and delta-4 desaturases in spite of naming conventions.<ref>https://metacyc.org/gene?orgid=META&id=HS05918-MONOMER</ref>
 
== Function ==
 
Fatty acid desaturase 2 is a member of the [[fatty acid desaturase]] (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes cause desaturation of [[fatty acid]]s through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an [[N-terminus|N-terminal]] [[cytochrome b5]]-like domain and a [[C-terminus|C-terminal]] multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved [[histidine]] motifs. This gene is clustered with family members [[FADS1]] and FADS2 at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FADS1 fatty acid desaturase 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3992| accessdate = }}</ref>
 
== Clinical significance ==
 
It was reported the ''FADS2'' interacts with [[breastfeeding]] such that breast-fed children with the "C" version of the gene appear about 7 [[intelligence quotient]] (IQ) points higher than those with the less common "G" version (less than this when adjusted for maternal IQ).<ref>[http://www.physorg.com/news113505546.html Gene governs IQ boost from breastfeeding].</ref><ref name="pmid17984066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caspi A, Williams B, Kim-Cohen J, Craig IW, Milne BJ, Poulton R, Schalkwyk LC, Taylor A, Werts H, Moffitt TE | title = Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 104 | issue = 47 | pages = 18860–5 |date=November 2007 | pmid = 17984066 | pmc = 2141867 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0704292104 }}</ref>
 
An attempt to replicate this study in 5934 8 year old children failed: No relationship of the common C allele to negative effects of formula feeding was apparent, and contra to the original report, the rare GG homozygote children performed worse when formula fed than other children on formula milk.<ref name="pmid20644632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steer CD, Davey Smith G, Emmett PM, Hibbeln JR, Golding J | title = FADS2 polymorphisms modify the effect of breastfeeding on child IQ | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 5 | issue = 7 | pages = e11570 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20644632 | pmc = 2903485 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0011570 | url = | issn = }}</ref> A study of over 700 families recently found no evidence for either main or moderating effects of the original [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]] (rs174575), nor of two additional ''FADS2'' polymorphisms (rs1535 and rs174583), nor any effect of maternal ''FADS2'' status on offspring IQ.<ref name="pmid21156270">{{cite journal |vauthors=Martin NW, Benyamin B, Hansell NK, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Bates TC | title = Cognitive function in adolescence: testing for interactions between breast-feeding and FADS2 polymorphisms | journal = J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–62.e4 |date=January 2011 | pmid = 21156270 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.010 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zabaneh D, Balding DJ |title=A genome-wide association study of the metabolic syndrome in Indian Asian men. |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue= 8 |pages= e11961 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20694148 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pone.0011961 |pmc=2915922}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lattka E, Illig T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J |title=Genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster as related to essential fatty acid metabolism. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=21 |issue= 1 |pages= 64–9 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19809313 |doi= 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283327ca8 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Xie L, Innis SM |title=Association of fatty acid desaturase gene polymorphisms with blood lipid essential fatty acids and perinatal depression among Canadian women: a pilot study. |journal=J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics |volume=2 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 243–50 |year= 2009 |pmid= 20395685 |doi= 10.1159/000255636 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kwak JH, Paik JK, Kim OY |title=FADS gene polymorphisms in Koreans: association with ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids, lipid peroxides, and coronary artery disease. |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=214 |issue= 1 |pages= 94–100 |year= 2011 |pmid= 21040914 |doi= 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.004 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rzehak P, Thijs C, Standl M |title=Variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster, blood levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and eczema in children within the first 2 years of life. |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue= 10 |pages= e13261 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20948998 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pone.0013261 |pmc=2952585|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lattka E, Illig T, Heinrich J, Koletzko B |title=FADS gene cluster polymorphisms: important modulators of fatty acid levels and their impact on atopic diseases. |journal=J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 119–28 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19776639 |doi= 10.1159/000235559 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lattka E, Illig T, Heinrich J, Koletzko B |title=Do FADS genotypes enhance our knowledge about fatty acid related phenotypes? |journal=Clin Nutr |volume=29 |issue= 3 |pages= 277–87 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19948371 |doi= 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.11.005 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Mathias RA, Vergara C, Gao L |title=FADS genetic variants and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in a homogeneous island population. |journal=J. Lipid Res. |volume=51 |issue= 9 |pages= 2766–74 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20562440 |doi= 10.1194/jlr.M008359 |pmc=2918459|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Koletzko B, Lattka E, Zeilinger S |title=Genetic variants of the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster predict amounts of red blood cell docosahexaenoic and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant women: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=93 |issue= 1 |pages= 211–9 |year= 2011 |pmid= 21106917 |doi= 10.3945/ajcn.110.006189 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bokor S, Dumont J, Spinneker A |title=Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster are associated with delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase activities estimated by serum fatty acid ratios. |journal=J. Lipid Res. |volume=51 |issue= 8 |pages= 2325–33 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20427696 |doi= 10.1194/jlr.M006205 |pmc=2903808|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Glaser C, Heinrich J, Koletzko B |title=Role of FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphisms in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. |journal=Metab. Clin. Exp. |volume=59 |issue= 7 |pages= 993–9 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20045144 |doi= 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.022 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Steer CD, Davey Smith G, Emmett PM |title=FADS2 polymorphisms modify the effect of breastfeeding on child IQ. |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue= 7 |pages= e11570 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20644632 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pone.0011570 |pmc=2903485|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Merino DM, Ma DW, Mutch DM |title=Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease. |journal=Lipids Health Dis |volume=9 |issue=  |pages= 63 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20565855 |doi= 10.1186/1476-511X-9-63 |pmc=2914715}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kröger J, Zietemann V, Enzenbach C |title=Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activity, and dietary fatty acids in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=93 |issue= 1 |pages= 127–42 |year= 2011 |pmid= 20980488 |doi= 10.3945/ajcn.110.005447 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Koletzko B, Demmelmair H, Schaeffer L |title=Genetically determined variation in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism may result in different dietary requirements. |journal=Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program |volume=62 |issue=  |pages= 35-44; discussion 44-9 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18626191 |doi= 10.1159/000146246 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  |author1=Segrè AV |title=Common inherited variation in mitochondrial genes is not enriched for associations with type 2 diabetes or related glycemic traits. |journal=PLoS Genet. |volume=6 |issue= 8 |pages=  |year= 2010 |pmid= 20714348 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001058 |pmc=2920848|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Zietemann V, Kröger J, Enzenbach C, Jansen E, Fritsche A, Weikert C, Boeing H, Schulze MB | title = Genetic variation of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster and n-6 PUFA composition in erythrocyte membranes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study | journal = Br. J. Nutr. | volume = 104 | issue = 12 | pages = 1748–59 |date=December 2010 | pmid = 20691134 | doi = 10.1017/S0007114510002916 | url = | issn = }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Park MH, Kim N, Lee JY, Park HY |title=Genetic loci associated with lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk factors in the Korean population. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=48 |issue= 1 |pages= 10–5 |year= 2011 |pmid= 20972250 |doi= 10.1136/jmg.2010.081000 }}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Lu Y, Feskens EJ, Dollé ME, Imholz S, Verschuren WM, Müller M, Boer JM | title = Dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake interacts with FADS1 genetic variation to affect total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the Doetinchem Cohort Study | journal = Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | volume = 92 | issue = 1 | pages = 258–65 |date=July 2010 | pmid = 20484448 | doi = 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29130  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bailey SD, Xie C, Do R |title=Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=33 |issue= 10 |pages= 2250–3 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20628086 |doi= 10.2337/dc10-0452 |pmc=2945168|display-authors=etal}}
{{refend}}
 
{{Dioxygenases}}
{{Enzymes}}
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[[Category:EC 1.14.19]]
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Revision as of 07:49, 27 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

This article is about the gene, for main associated enzyme see D6D.

Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) is encoded by the FADS2 gene, the associated enzyme is sometimes known as FADS2 as well.[1][2] Its main associated enzyme is Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) however the human enzyme been shown to also catalyze some delta-8 and delta-4 desaturases in spite of naming conventions.[3]

Function

Fatty acid desaturase 2 is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes cause desaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved histidine motifs. This gene is clustered with family members FADS1 and FADS2 at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization.[1]

Clinical significance

It was reported the FADS2 interacts with breastfeeding such that breast-fed children with the "C" version of the gene appear about 7 intelligence quotient (IQ) points higher than those with the less common "G" version (less than this when adjusted for maternal IQ).[4][5]

An attempt to replicate this study in 5934 8 year old children failed: No relationship of the common C allele to negative effects of formula feeding was apparent, and contra to the original report, the rare GG homozygote children performed worse when formula fed than other children on formula milk.[6] A study of over 700 families recently found no evidence for either main or moderating effects of the original SNP (rs174575), nor of two additional FADS2 polymorphisms (rs1535 and rs174583), nor any effect of maternal FADS2 status on offspring IQ.[7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: FADS1 fatty acid desaturase 1".
  2. ↑ Marquardt A, Stöhr H, White K, Weber BH (June 2000). "cDNA cloning, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of three members of the human fatty acid desaturase family". Genomics. 66 (2): 175–83. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6196. PMID 10860662.
  3. ↑ https://metacyc.org/gene?orgid=META&id=HS05918-MONOMER
  4. ↑ Gene governs IQ boost from breastfeeding.
  5. ↑ Caspi A, Williams B, Kim-Cohen J, Craig IW, Milne BJ, Poulton R, Schalkwyk LC, Taylor A, Werts H, Moffitt TE (November 2007). "Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (47): 18860–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704292104. PMC 2141867. PMID 17984066.
  6. ↑ Steer CD, Davey Smith G, Emmett PM, Hibbeln JR, Golding J (2010). "FADS2 polymorphisms modify the effect of breastfeeding on child IQ". PLoS ONE. 5 (7): e11570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011570. PMC 2903485. PMID 20644632.
  7. ↑ Martin NW, Benyamin B, Hansell NK, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Bates TC (January 2011). "Cognitive function in adolescence: testing for interactions between breast-feeding and FADS2 polymorphisms". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 50 (1): 55–62.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.010. PMID 21156270.

Further reading

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