Esophagitis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
* The [[symptoms]] of [[esophagitis]] include [[Heartburn|heart burn]], [[regurgitation]], and [[dysphagia]]. | |||
* The symptoms of esophagitis include [[Heartburn|heart burn]], [[regurgitation]], and [[dysphagia]]. | * If left untreated, [[esophagitis]] will develop to [[esophageal stricture]] which occurs in around 20% of the patients with [[GERD]].<ref name="pmid10780569">{{cite journal| author=Sonnenberg A, El-Serag HB| title=Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 1999 | volume= 72 | issue= 2-3 | pages= 81-92 | pmid=10780569 | doi= | pmc=2579001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10780569 }}</ref> | ||
* If left untreated, esophagitis will develop to [[esophageal stricture]] which occurs in around 20% of the patients with GERD.<ref name="pmid10780569">{{cite journal| author=Sonnenberg A, El-Serag HB| title=Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 1999 | volume= 72 | issue= 2-3 | pages= 81-92 | pmid=10780569 | doi= | pmc=2579001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10780569 }}</ref> | * [[Esophageal]] [[stricture]] occur due to excessive [[acid]] in the [[Esophagus|lower of the esophagus]] which lead to [[scar]] formation. This scar causes narrowing of the [[esophagus]] and lead to [[Dysphagia|difficulties in swallowing]]. | ||
* Esophageal stricture occur due to excessive [[acid]] in the [[Esophagus|lower of the esophagus]] which lead to [[scar]] formation. This scar causes narrowing of the [[esophagus]] and lead to [[Dysphagia|difficulties in swallowing]] | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
*Complications that can develop as a result of esophagitis include the following:<ref name="pmid15929752">{{cite journal| author=El-Serag HB, Graham DY, Satia JA, Rabeneck L| title=Obesity is an independent risk factor for GERD symptoms and erosive esophagitis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 100 | issue= 6 | pages= 1243-50 | pmid=15929752 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41703.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15929752 }}</ref> | *[[Complications]] that can develop as a result of [[esophagitis]] include the following:<ref name="pmid15929752">{{cite journal| author=El-Serag HB, Graham DY, Satia JA, Rabeneck L| title=Obesity is an independent risk factor for GERD symptoms and erosive esophagitis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 100 | issue= 6 | pages= 1243-50 | pmid=15929752 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41703.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15929752 }}</ref> | ||
*If untreated, esophagitis may cause severe discomfort and eventual scarring (stricture) of the esophagus, this can cause difficulty swallowing food or medications. | *If untreated, [[esophagitis]] may cause severe discomfort and eventual scarring (stricture) of the [[esophagus]], this can cause difficulty [[swallowing]] food or medications. | ||
* [[Barrett's esophagus]]: | * [[Barrett's esophagus]]: | ||
** A type of [[dysplasia]], is a precursor high-grade dysplasia, which is in turn a [[precursor]] condition for [[carcinoma]]. | ** A type of [[dysplasia]], is a precursor high-grade [[dysplasia]], which is in turn a [[precursor]] condition for [[carcinoma]]. | ||
*The risk of progression from [[Barrett's esophagus|Barrett's]] to dysplasia is uncertain but is estimated to include 0.1% to 0.5% of cases, and has probably been exaggerated in the past. | *The risk of progression from [[Barrett's esophagus|Barrett's]] to [[dysplasia]] is uncertain but is estimated to include 0.1% to 0.5% of cases, and has probably been exaggerated in the past. | ||
** Due to the risk of [[Heartburn|chronic heart burn]] progressing to Barrett's esophagus, EGD every 5 years is recommended for patients with chronic [[heartburn]], or who take drugs for chronic | ** Due to the risk of [[Heartburn|chronic heart burn]] progressing to [[Barrett's esophagus]], [[EGD]] every 5 years is recommended for patients with chronic [[heartburn]], or who take drugs for chronic [[GERD]]. | ||
* [[Esophageal ulcer]] | |||
* [[Esophageal ulcer]] | |||
** The excess [[acid]] secretion in the [[esophagus]] can lead to [[ulcer]] formation which increases [[pain]] in GERD patients. | ** The excess [[acid]] secretion in the [[esophagus]] can lead to [[ulcer]] formation which increases [[pain]] in GERD patients. | ||
* [[Esophageal]] [[adenocarcinoma]] | * [[Esophageal]] [[adenocarcinoma]] | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The disorders that cause esophagitis usually respond to treatment. | * The disorders that cause [[esophagitis]] usually respond to treatment. | ||
* The majority of people respond to non-surgical measures, with lifestyle changes and [[medications]]. However, many patients need to continue to take [[drugs]] to control their symptoms. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 12:29, 28 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Natural History
- The symptoms of esophagitis include heart burn, regurgitation, and dysphagia.
- If left untreated, esophagitis will develop to esophageal stricture which occurs in around 20% of the patients with GERD.[1]
- Esophageal stricture occur due to excessive acid in the lower of the esophagus which lead to scar formation. This scar causes narrowing of the esophagus and lead to difficulties in swallowing.
Complications
- Complications that can develop as a result of esophagitis include the following:[2]
- If untreated, esophagitis may cause severe discomfort and eventual scarring (stricture) of the esophagus, this can cause difficulty swallowing food or medications.
- Barrett's esophagus:
- The risk of progression from Barrett's to dysplasia is uncertain but is estimated to include 0.1% to 0.5% of cases, and has probably been exaggerated in the past.
- Due to the risk of chronic heart burn progressing to Barrett's esophagus, EGD every 5 years is recommended for patients with chronic heartburn, or who take drugs for chronic GERD.
- Esophageal ulcer
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Prognosis
- The disorders that cause esophagitis usually respond to treatment.
- The majority of people respond to non-surgical measures, with lifestyle changes and medications. However, many patients need to continue to take drugs to control their symptoms.
References
- ↑ Sonnenberg A, El-Serag HB (1999). "Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease". Yale J Biol Med. 72 (2–3): 81–92. PMC 2579001. PMID 10780569.
- ↑ El-Serag HB, Graham DY, Satia JA, Rabeneck L (2005). "Obesity is an independent risk factor for GERD symptoms and erosive esophagitis". Am J Gastroenterol. 100 (6): 1243–50. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41703.x. PMID 15929752.