Epilepsy history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

History and Symptoms

History

  • Patients with epilepsy may have a positive history of:[1][2]
    • Family member with epilepsy
    • Brain traumatic injuries
    • Meningitis and encephalitis
    • Febrile seizure in the childhood
    • Enuresis
    • Drug abuse
    • Previous episode of seizure:
      • When was the first episode?
      • Tongue biting?
      • Urine or fecal incontinence?
      • Post-ictal drowsiness?
      • Seizure characteristics?
      • Triggers?
      • Eyes condition? (open or close)
      • Amnesia?

Common Symptoms

  • Common symptoms of epileptic seizures include:[1]
    • They happen in a paroxysmal manner such as:
      • Sudden fall
      • Sudden loss of consciousness
      • automatic behaviors (repetitive movement).
    • Seizures are often similar to each other in a patient in the aspect of duration and general characteristics.
    • They usually present with a motor phenomena which can be accompanied with sensory and autonomic manifestation.
    • Based on the type of seizure, consciousness might be impaired or intact.
    • Patients may have aura (sensory, autonomic, or psychic symptoms) before seizure such as:
      • Nausea
      • Warmth sensation
      • Spark visualization.
    • There might be triggers for the seizure such as:
      • Alcohol consumption
      • Sleep deprivation
      • Fever.
    • There can be post-ictal drowsiness in patients.
    • There can be tongue biting which mostly happens in seizures with impaired consciousness.
    • urine and fecal incontinence may be present.

Less Common Symptoms

  • Less common symptoms of epilepsy include:[3]
    • Confusion
    • Psychosis
    • Lethargy
    • Coma
https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/2b/0f/0a119c657a876dab0f1c6a9e8793.jpg
James Heilman, MD

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.
  2. Cendes F, Andermann F, Carpenter S, Zatorre RJ, Cashman NR (January 1995). "Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by domoic acid intoxication: evidence for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in humans". Ann. Neurol. 37 (1): 123–6. doi:10.1002/ana.410370125. PMID 7818246.
  3. Sheth RD, Drazkowski JF, Sirven JI, Gidal BE, Hermann BP (April 2006). "Protracted ictal confusion in elderly patients". Arch. Neurol. 63 (4): 529–32. doi:10.1001/archneur.63.4.529. PMID 16606764.

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