Encephalitis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Encephalitis may be either infectious or non-infectious.

Infectious Encephalitis

Viral encephalitis

• Herpes simplex encephalitis
• VZV encephalitis
• California encephalitis
• Equine encephalitis
• Japanese encephalitis
• St. Louis encephalitis
• Venezuelan encephalitis
• West Nile encephalitis
• La Crosse encephalitis

Protozoan encephalitis

• Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
• Toxoplasmic encephalitis

Non-Infectious Encephalitis

Cardiovascular	Kawasaki disease
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic, heavy metal toxicity, icaridin, organophosphate poisoning, poison hemlock, thallium
Dermatologic	Behcet disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Acyclovir, interferon, kynurenic acid, levodopa, methamphetamine, trimethobenzamide, zanamivir
Ear Nose Throat	Cholesteatoma, labyrinthitis, sinusitis
Endocrine	Myasthenia gravis
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Porphyria, Reye's syndrome
Genetic	Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, biotinidase deficiency, familial histiocytic reticulosis, hemophagocytic reticulosis, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, porphyria, Smith disease, Tourette syndrome
Hematologic	Familial histiocytic reticulosis, hemophagocytic reticulosis, lymphoproliferative syndrome, porphyria, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Metabolic myopathies, multiple sclerosis, skull fracture
Neurologic	Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aseptic meningitis, cauda equina syndrome, cerebral palsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, conus medullaris, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, multiple sclerosis, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, poliomyelitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Rasmussen syndrome, Schilder's disease, St. Louis encephalitis, status epilepticus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, temporal lobe epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, tourettism, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Biotinidase deficiency, metabolic myopathies, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	TORCH syndrome
Oncologic	Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders
Opthalmologic	Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	Heavy metal toxicity, Reye's syndrome
Psychiatric	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, shaken baby syndrome, Tourette syndrome
Pulmonary	Flu, pertussis, whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Behcet disease, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Cauda equina syndrome, shaken baby syndrome, skull fracture
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Porphyria