Chronic bronchitis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be diagnostically evaluated by physical examination through auscultation. Physical examination are quite specific and sensitive for severe disease. The signs are usually difficult to detect in cases of mild to moderate diseases. Findings on general physical examination can be cyanosis, tachypnea, use of accessory respiratory muscles, paradoxical indrawing of lower intercostal spaces is evident (known as the Hoover sign), elevated jugular venous pulse and peripheral edema. Pulmonary examination in can be barrel chest (emphysema), wheezing, hyperresonance, crackles and rhonchi

Physical Examination

Physical examination are quite specific and sensitive for severe disease. The signs are usually difficult to detect in cases of mild to moderate diseases.

Appearance of the Patient

Vital Signs

Respiratory Rate

Head

Lungs

Inspection

  • Respiratory distress indicated by use of accessory respiratory muscles. Hoover sign presenting as paradoxical indrawing of lower intercostal spaces is evident (known as the Hoover sign)

Auscultation

  • Prolonged expiration; wheezing
  • Diffusely decreased breath sound
  • Additional sounds - coarse crackles with inspiration, coarse rhonchi

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