Chondroma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2] Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [3]

Overview

Pathogenesis

  • Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.[1]
  • Chondromas is the result of nests of growth-plate cartilage that have become entrapped in the medullary canal of the metaphysis or in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction. These hamartomatous proliferations persist as islands in the bone and then develop from enchondral ossification.[2][3]

Genetics

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[5][6]

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of chondroma are as followings:[7][8]

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Associated conditions

Enchondromas may be single or multiple. Multiple enchondromas are associated with the following:[9][10][11]

Associated disease Findings Occurance

Maffucci syndrome

Multiple enchondromas
Multiple hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas

Sporadic

Ollier disease

Multiple enchondromas
Asymmetric dwarfism

Sporadic

Metachondromatosis

Multiple osteochondromas
Multiple enchondromas

Genetic (Autosomal dominant)

References

  1. Dal Cin P, Qi H, Sciot R, Van den Berghe H (February 1997). "Involvement of chromosomes 6 and 11 in a soft tissue chondroma". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 93 (2): 177–8. PMID 9078305.
  2. Geng S, Zhang J, Zhang LW, Wu Z, Jia G, Xiao X, Hao S (July 2014). "Diagnosis and microsurgical treatment of chondromas and chondrosarcomas of the cranial base". Oncol Lett. 8 (1): 301–304. doi:10.3892/ol.2014.2072. PMC 4063631. PMID 24959265.
  3. Lewis MM, Kenan S, Yabut SM, Norman A, Steiner G (July 1990). "Periosteal chondroma. A report of ten cases and review of the literature". Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. (256): 185–92. PMID 2194723.
  4. Sandberg AA (July 2004). "Genetics of chondrosarcoma and related tumors". Curr Opin Oncol. 16 (4): 342–54. PMID 15187889.
  5. Semenova LA, Bulycheva IV (2007). "[Chondromas (enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, enchondromatosis)]". Arkh. Patol. (in Russian). 69 (5): 45–8. PMID 18074822.
  6. Chung EB, Enzinger FM (April 1978). "Chondroma of soft parts". Cancer. 41 (4): 1414–24. PMID 76505.
  7. Uhl M, Herget G, Kurz P (June 2016). "[Cartilage tumors : Pathology and radiomorphology]". Radiologe (in German). 56 (6): 476–88. doi:10.1007/s00117-016-0112-z. PMID 27233920.
  8. Blum MR, Danford M, Speight PM (August 1993). "Soft tissue chondroma of the cheek". J. Oral Pathol. Med. 22 (7): 334–6. PMID 8229872.
  9. Prokopchuk O, Andres S, Becker K, Holzapfel K, Hartmann D, Friess H (February 2016). "Maffucci syndrome and neoplasms: a case report and review of the literature". BMC Res Notes. 9: 126. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1913-x. PMC 4769492. PMID 26920730.
  10. Mavrogenis AF, Skarpidi E, Papakonstantinou O, Papagelopoulos PJ (June 2010). "Chondrosarcoma in metachondromatosis: a case report". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92 (6): 1507–13. doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00693. PMID 20516327.
  11. Watanabe F, Saiki T, Ochochi Y (2012). "Extraskeletal chondroma of the preauricular region: a case report and literature review". Case Rep Med. 2012: 121743. doi:10.1155/2012/121743. PMC 3400396. PMID 22844293.


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