Cavernous sinus thrombosis diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Cavernous sinus thrombosis}}
{{Cavernous sinus thrombosis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
==Overview==
== Overview ==
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
 
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
 
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
 
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.


===Region===
[[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) with [[Venography|MR venography]] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis. The following findings on performing [[MRI]] are confirmatory for cavernous sinus thrombosis: Absent flow void in '''T1''' and '''T2''' and signal characteristics vary depending on the age of the [[thrombus]] but will be abnormal. Contrast-enhancement or lack of is not a reliable indicator as organising [[thrombus]] can enhance. Diagnosis can generally be made on [[venography]].
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].


*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==


===Developed Countries===
=== Study of choice ===
[[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) with [[Venography|MR venography]] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis.<ref name="pmid22368772">{{cite journal| author=Chiewvit P, Piyapittayanan S, Poungvarin N| title=Cerebral venous thrombosis: diagnosis dilemma. | journal=Neurol Int | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 3 | pages= e13 | pmid=22368772 | doi=10.4081/ni.2011.e13 | pmc=3286153 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22368772  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8570157">{{cite journal| author=Igarashi H, Igarashi S, Fujio N, Fukui K, Yoshida A| title=Magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis. | journal=Ophthalmologica | year= 1995 | volume= 209 | issue= 5 | pages= 292-6 | pmid=8570157 | doi=10.1159/000310635 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8570157  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8014656">{{cite journal| author=Berge J, Louail C, Caillé JM| title=Cavernous sinus thrombosis diagnostic approach. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 1994 | volume= 21 | issue= 2 | pages= 101-17 | pmid=8014656 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8014656  }} </ref>


===Developing Countries===
===== Diagnostic results =====
The following findings on performing [[MRI]] are confirmatory for cavernous sinus thrombosis:
* '''T1''' and '''T2'''
** Absent flow void
** Signal characteristics vary depending on the age of the [[thrombus]] but will be abnormal.
* Contrast-enhancement or lack of is not a reliable indicator as organising [[thrombus]] can enhance.
* Diagnosis can generally be made on [[venography]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:25, 2 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with MR venography is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis. The following findings on performing MRI are confirmatory for cavernous sinus thrombosis: Absent flow void in T1 and T2 and signal characteristics vary depending on the age of the thrombus but will be abnormal. Contrast-enhancement or lack of is not a reliable indicator as organising thrombus can enhance. Diagnosis can generally be made on venography.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Study of choice

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with MR venography is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis.[1][2][3]

Diagnostic results

The following findings on performing MRI are confirmatory for cavernous sinus thrombosis:

  • T1 and T2
    • Absent flow void
    • Signal characteristics vary depending on the age of the thrombus but will be abnormal.
  • Contrast-enhancement or lack of is not a reliable indicator as organising thrombus can enhance.
  • Diagnosis can generally be made on venography.

References

  1. ↑ Chiewvit P, Piyapittayanan S, Poungvarin N (2011). "Cerebral venous thrombosis: diagnosis dilemma". Neurol Int. 3 (3): e13. doi:10.4081/ni.2011.e13. PMC 3286153. PMID 22368772.
  2. ↑ Igarashi H, Igarashi S, Fujio N, Fukui K, Yoshida A (1995). "Magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis". Ophthalmologica. 209 (5): 292–6. doi:10.1159/000310635. PMID 8570157.
  3. ↑ Berge J, Louail C, Caillé JM (1994). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis diagnostic approach". J Neuroradiol. 21 (2): 101–17. PMID 8014656.

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