Cardiac tamponade causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of a large or uncontrolled pericardial effusion. [1] The effusion can occur rapidly (as in the case of trauma or myocardial rupture), or over a more gradual period of time (as in cancer). The fluid involved is often blood, but pus is also found in some circumstances. [2] Common causes of increased pericardial effusion include hypothyroidism, trauma (either penetrating trauma involving the pericardium or blunt chest trauma), pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium), iatrogenic trauma (during an invasive procedure), and ventricular rupture.
Causes
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Amyloidosis
- Anticoagulant therapy [3].
- Aortic dissection [4]
- Bacterial pericarditis
- Bronchogenic cyst
- Cancer
- Chest trauma (both blunt and penetrating) [5]
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Dissecting aortic aneurysm
- Dressler syndrome
- During cardiac surgery [6]
- Hypothyroidism
- Malignancy
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Myocardial rupture. Myocardial rupture typically happens in the subacute setting after a myocardial infarction (heart attack), in which the infarcted muscle of the heart thins out and tears. Myocardial rupture is more likely to happen in females, the elderly, patients with hypertension, and individuals without any previous cardiac history who suffer from their first heart attack and are not revascularized with thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention, or with coronary artery bypass graft surgery.[7] These patients often have single vessel disease without the development of collaterals.
- Penetrating cardiac injury
- Pericarditis
- Physical trauma
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pyogenic pericarditis
- Rheumatoid pericarditis
- Scrub typhus
- Tuberculous pericarditis
- Uremia
- Uremic pericarditis
- Ventricular aneurysm
- Viral pericarditis
References
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886
- ↑ Longmore, M., Wilkinson, I.B., Rajagopalan, S. (2004) (6th Ed.). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 9780198568377
- ↑ Isselbacher, E.M., Cigarroa, J.E., Eagle, K.A. (1994). Cardiac tamponade complicating proximal aortic dissection. Is pericardiocentesis harmful? Circulation. Vol 90, 2375-2378
- ↑ Gwinnutt, C., Driscoll, P. (Eds) (2003) (2nd Ed.) Trauma Resuscitation: The Team Approach. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1859960097
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886
- ↑ *Meniconi, A (2000). "How to survive myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction". Heart. 84 (5). PMID 11040020. Unknown parameter
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