Carcinoma of the penis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
'''History of Circumcision''' | '''History of Circumcision''' | ||
*The earliest reference to the circumcision procedure dates back to around 2400 B.C, in Egypt <ref name="pmid28224100">{{cite journal| author=Morris BJ, Kennedy SE, Wodak AD, Mindel A, Golovsky D, Schrieber L et al.| title=Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy. | journal=World J Clin Pediatr | year= 2017 | volume= 6 | issue= 1 | pages= 89-102 | pmid=28224100 | doi=10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.89 | pmc=5296634 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28224100 }} </ref> | *The earliest [[References|reference]] to the [[Circumcise|circumcision]] [[procedure]] dates back to around 2400 B.C, in Egypt <ref name="pmid28224100">{{cite journal| author=Morris BJ, Kennedy SE, Wodak AD, Mindel A, Golovsky D, Schrieber L et al.| title=Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy. | journal=World J Clin Pediatr | year= 2017 | volume= 6 | issue= 1 | pages= 89-102 | pmid=28224100 | doi=10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.89 | pmc=5296634 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28224100 }} </ref> | ||
*In the late 1800s, doctors turned to circumcision to "cure" an array of ailments, from childhood fevers to brass poisoning to paralysis | *In the late 1800s, [[doctors]] turned to [[Circumcise|circumcision]] to "[[cure]]" an array of [[ailments]], from [[childhood]] [[fevers]] to [[brass]] [[poisoning]] to [[paralysis]] | ||
*Lewis Sayre, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Bellevue Hospital Medical College,was called to the bedside of a 5-year-old boy whose knees were flexed and paralyzed, preventing him from walking | *Lewis Sayre, a professor of [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopedic]] [[surgery]] at Bellevue [[Hospital]] [[Medical]] [[College Hospital|College]],was called to the [[Bedside manner|bedside]] of a 5-[[year]]-old [[Boy girl|boy]] whose [[knees]] were flexed and paralyzed, preventing him from [[walking]] | ||
*During his examination, Sayre discovered that the boy's foreskin had contracted, causing the child great pain | *During his [[Physical examination|examination]], Sayre discovered that the [[Boy girl|boy's]] [[foreskin]] had [[Contraction|contracted]], causing the [[child]] great [[pain]] | ||
*Speculating that the foreskin problem could be the source of the boy's "physical prostration and nervous exhaustion," Sayre conducted a circumcision the next day | *Speculating that the [[foreskin]] problem could be the source of the [[Boy girl|boy's]] "[[Physical Examination|physical]] [[prostration]] and [[Nervous System|nervous]] [[exhaustion]]," Sayre conducted a [[Circumcise|circumcision]] the next day | ||
*In less than two weeks, Sayre reported, the boy was walking again | *In less than two weeks, Sayre reported, the [[Boy girl|boy]] was [[walking]] again | ||
*South Koreans started to circumcise children during the American trusteeship following World War II <ref name="DunsmuirGordon2002">{{cite journal|last1=Dunsmuir|first1=W.D.|last2=Gordon|first2=E.M.|title=The history of circumcision|journal=BJU International|volume=83|issue=S1|year=2002|pages=1–12|issn=14644096|doi=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1001.x}}</ref> | *South Koreans started to [[circumcise]] [[children]] during the American trusteeship following World War II <ref name="DunsmuirGordon2002">{{cite journal|last1=Dunsmuir|first1=W.D.|last2=Gordon|first2=E.M.|title=The history of circumcision|journal=BJU International|volume=83|issue=S1|year=2002|pages=1–12|issn=14644096|doi=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1001.x}}</ref> | ||
*The American cultural practice of circumcision became nearly universal in South Korea after the Korean War of 1950-52 | *The American [[Cultural psychology|cultural]] practice of [[Circumcise|circumcision]] became nearly [[Universal health care|universal]] in South Korea after the Korean War of 1950-52 | ||
'''History of HPV relation to Carcinoma of Penis''' | '''History of HPV relation to Carcinoma of Penis''' | ||
*In 1965, the first published HPV study characterized its DNA <ref name="pmid16570278">{{cite journal| author=Lont AP, Kroon BK, Horenblas S, Gallee MP, Berkhof J, Meijer CJ et al.| title=Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2006 | volume= 119 | issue= 5 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=16570278 | doi=10.1002/ijc.21961 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16570278 }} </ref> | *In 1965, the first published [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]] study characterized its [[DNA]] <ref name="pmid16570278">{{cite journal| author=Lont AP, Kroon BK, Horenblas S, Gallee MP, Berkhof J, Meijer CJ et al.| title=Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2006 | volume= 119 | issue= 5 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=16570278 | doi=10.1002/ijc.21961 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16570278 }} </ref> | ||
*Prior to 1965, papillomavirus studies focused on rabbit papillomavirus and its association to cancer | *Prior to 1965, [[papillomavirus]] studies focused on rabbit [[papillomavirus]] and its association to [[cancer]] | ||
*During the 1970’s, more than one type of HPV was recognized | *During the 1970’s, more than one type of [[HPV]] was recognized | ||
*In 1982, several studies associating HPV type 6 with genital warts, but neither cervical nor penile cancer, were published | *In 1982, several studies associating [[HPV]] type 6 with [[genital warts]], but neither [[Cervical cancer|cervical]] nor [[Penis|penile]] [[cancer]], were published | ||
*The theory that penile and cervical cancer may have a common etiology was proposed as early as 35 years ago | *The [[theory]] that [[Penis|penile]] and [[Cervical cancer|cervical]] [[cancer]] may have a common [[etiology]] was proposed as early as 35 years ago | ||
*Initial studies supported a causal relationship between male sexual behaviors and the incidence of cervical carcinoma before the role of HPV was even recognized | *Initial studies supported a causal relationship between [[male]] [[Sexual activity|sexual]] [[Behavior|behaviors]] and the [[incidence]] of [[cervical]] [[carcinoma]] before the role of [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]] was even recognized | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:28, 3 April 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Swathi Venkatesan, M.B.B.S.[2]
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Overview
Historical Perspective
History of Circumcision
- The earliest reference to the circumcision procedure dates back to around 2400 B.C, in Egypt [1]
- In the late 1800s, doctors turned to circumcision to "cure" an array of ailments, from childhood fevers to brass poisoning to paralysis
- Lewis Sayre, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Bellevue Hospital Medical College,was called to the bedside of a 5-year-old boy whose knees were flexed and paralyzed, preventing him from walking
- During his examination, Sayre discovered that the boy's foreskin had contracted, causing the child great pain
- Speculating that the foreskin problem could be the source of the boy's "physical prostration and nervous exhaustion," Sayre conducted a circumcision the next day
- In less than two weeks, Sayre reported, the boy was walking again
- South Koreans started to circumcise children during the American trusteeship following World War II [2]
- The American cultural practice of circumcision became nearly universal in South Korea after the Korean War of 1950-52
History of HPV relation to Carcinoma of Penis
- In 1965, the first published HPV study characterized its DNA [3]
- Prior to 1965, papillomavirus studies focused on rabbit papillomavirus and its association to cancer
- During the 1970’s, more than one type of HPV was recognized
- In 1982, several studies associating HPV type 6 with genital warts, but neither cervical nor penile cancer, were published
- The theory that penile and cervical cancer may have a common etiology was proposed as early as 35 years ago
- Initial studies supported a causal relationship between male sexual behaviors and the incidence of cervical carcinoma before the role of HPV was even recognized
References
- ↑ Morris BJ, Kennedy SE, Wodak AD, Mindel A, Golovsky D, Schrieber L; et al. (2017). "Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy". World J Clin Pediatr. 6 (1): 89–102. doi:10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.89. PMC 5296634. PMID 28224100.
- ↑ Dunsmuir, W.D.; Gordon, E.M. (2002). "The history of circumcision". BJU International. 83 (S1): 1–12. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1001.x. ISSN 1464-4096.
- ↑ Lont AP, Kroon BK, Horenblas S, Gallee MP, Berkhof J, Meijer CJ; et al. (2006). "Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival". Int J Cancer. 119 (5): 1078–81. doi:10.1002/ijc.21961. PMID 16570278.