CDH11: Difference between revisions

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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Cadherin-11''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CDH11'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9615235">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kremmidiotis G, Baker E, Crawford J, Eyre HJ, Nahmias J, Callen DF | title = Localization of human cadherin genes to chromosome regions exhibiting cancer-related loss of heterozygosity | journal = Genomics | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 467–71 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9615235 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5281 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDH11 cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1009| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CDH11_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2a4c.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2a4c}}, {{PDB2|2a4e}}
| Name = Cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)
| HGNCid = 1750
| Symbol = CDH11
| AltSymbols =; CAD11; CDHOB; OB; OSF-4
| OMIM = 600023
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 1361
| MGIid = 99217
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CDH11_207172_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CDH11_207173_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001503 |text = ossification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007156 |text = homophilic cell adhesion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1009
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000140937
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001788
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001797
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 16
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 63538186
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 63713431
    | Hs_Uniprot = P55287
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12552
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009866
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033996
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)''', also known as '''CDH11''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDH11 cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1009| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes a type II classical [[cadherin]] from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. Expression of this particular cadherin in osteoblastic cell lines, and its upregulation during differentiation, suggests a specific function in bone development and maintenance.<ref name="entrez" /> The mammalian CDH-11 homologues are termed [[calsyntenin]].<ref name="pmid11161476">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogt L, Schrimpf SP, Meskenaite V, Frischknecht R, Kinter J, Leone DP, Ziegler U, Sonderegger P | title = Calsyntenin-1, a proteolytically processed postsynaptic membrane protein with a cytoplasmic calcium-binding domain | journal = Mol. Cell. Neurosci. | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 151–66 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11161476 | doi = 10.1006/mcne.2000.0937 }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. Expression of this particular cadherin in osteoblastic cell lines, and its upregulation during differentiation, suggests a specific function in bone development and maintenance.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDH11 cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1009| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Relevance to cancer ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
CDH11 is overexpressed in 15% of [[breast cancer]]s and seems essential to tumour progression in some other cancer types.<ref name=ge2014>{{cite web |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/new-therapeutic-approach-could-target-both-cancer-and-arthritis/81249121/ |title=New Therapeutic Approach Could Target Both Cancer and Arthritis |date=15 Nov 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Assefnia_2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Assefnia S, Dakshanamurthy S, Guidry Auvil JM, Hampel C, Anastasiadis PZ, Kallakury B, Uren A, Foley DW, Brown ML, Shapiro L, Brenner M, Haigh D, Byers SW | title = Cadherin-11 in poor prognosis malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis: common target, common therapies. | journal = Oncotarget | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 1458–74 | date = Mar 2014 | pmid = 24681547 | doi=10.18632/oncotarget.1538 | pmc=4039224}}</ref>
 
== Drug interactions ==
Arthritis drug [[celecoxib]] binds to CDH11.<ref name=ge2014/><ref name=Assefnia_2014/>
 
== Interactions ==
 
CDH11 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[CDH2]].<ref name=pmid14625392>{{cite journal | vauthors = Straub BK, Boda J, Kuhn C, Schnoelzer M, Korf U, Kempf T, Spring H, Hatzfeld M, Franke WW | title = A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells | language =  | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 116 | issue = Pt 24 | pages = 4985–95 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14625392 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.00815 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Clear}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki S, Sano K, Tanihara H | title = Diversity of the cadherin family: evidence for eight new cadherins in nervous tissue. | journal = Cell Regul. | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 261–70 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2059658 | pmc = 361775 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.2.4.261 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tanihara H, Sano K, Heimark RL, St John T, Suzuki S | title = Cloning of five human cadherins clarifies characteristic features of cadherin extracellular domain and provides further evidence for two structurally different types of cadherin. | journal = Cell Adhes. Commun. | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–26 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7982033 | doi = 10.3109/15419069409014199 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki S, Sano K, Tanihara H |title=Diversity of the cadherin family: evidence for eight new cadherins in nervous tissue. |journal=Cell Regul. |volume=2 |issue= 4 |pages= 261-70 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2059658 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Okazaki M, Takeshita S, Kawai S, Kikuno R, Tsujimura A, Kudo A, Amann E | title = Molecular cloning and characterization of OB-cadherin, a new member of cadherin family expressed in osteoblasts. | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 269 | issue = 16 | pages = 12092–8 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8163513 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tanihara H, Sano K, Heimark RL, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning of five human cadherins clarifies characteristic features of cadherin extracellular domain and provides further evidence for two structurally different types of cadherin. |journal=Cell Adhes. Commun. |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 15-26 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7982033 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Getsios S, Chen GT, Stephenson MD, Leclerc P, Blaschuk OW, MacCalman CD | title = Regulated expression of cadherin-6 and cadherin-11 in the glandular epithelial and stromal cells of the human endometrium. | journal = Dev. Dyn. | volume = 211 | issue = 3 | pages = 238–47 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9520111 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199803)211:3<238::AID-AJA5>3.0.CO;2-I }}
*{{cite journal | author=Okazaki M, Takeshita S, Kawai S, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of OB-cadherin, a new member of cadherin family expressed in osteoblasts. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 16 |pages= 12092-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8163513 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pishvaian MJ, Feltes CM, Thompson P, Bussemakers MJ, Schalken JA, Byers SW | title = Cadherin-11 is expressed in invasive breast cancer cell lines. | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 59 | issue = 4 | pages = 947–52 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10029089 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Getsios S, Chen GT, Stephenson MD, ''et al.'' |title=Regulated expression of cadherin-6 and cadherin-11 in the glandular epithelial and stromal cells of the human endometrium. |journal=Dev. Dyn. |volume=211 |issue= 3 |pages= 238-47 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9520111 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199803)211:3<238::AID-AJA5>3.0.CO;2-I }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kawaguchi J, Takeshita S, Kashima T, Imai T, Machinami R, Kudo A | title = Expression and function of the splice variant of the human cadherin-11 gene in subordination to intact cadherin-11. | journal = J. Bone Miner. Res. | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 764–75 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10320525 | doi = 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.5.764 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kremmidiotis G, Baker E, Crawford J, ''et al.'' |title=Localization of human cadherin genes to chromosome regions exhibiting cancer-related loss of heterozygosity. |journal=Genomics |volume=49 |issue= 3 |pages= 467-71 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9615235 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1998.5281 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Braungart E, Schumacher C, Hartmann E, Nekarda H, Becker KF, Höfler H, Atkinson MJ | title = Functional loss of E-cadherin and cadherin-11 alleles on chromosome 16q22 in colonic cancer. | journal = J. Pathol. | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 530–4 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10398117 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199904)187:5<530::AID-PATH293>3.0.CO;2-C }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pishvaian MJ, Feltes CM, Thompson P, ''et al.'' |title=Cadherin-11 is expressed in invasive breast cancer cell lines. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=59 |issue= 4 |pages= 947-52 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10029089 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kashima T, Kawaguchi J, Takeshita S, Kuroda M, Takanashi M, Horiuchi H, Imamura T, Ishikawa Y, Ishida T, Mori S, Machinami R, Kudo A | title = Anomalous cadherin expression in osteosarcoma. Possible relationships to metastasis and morphogenesis. | journal = Am. J. Pathol. | volume = 155 | issue = 5 | pages = 1549–55 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10550312 | pmc = 1866957 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65471-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kawaguchi J, Takeshita S, Kashima T, ''et al.'' |title=Expression and function of the splice variant of the human cadherin-11 gene in subordination to intact cadherin-11. |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=14 |issue= 5 |pages= 764-75 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10320525 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lecanda F, Cheng SL, Shin CS, Davidson MK, Warlow P, Avioli LV, Civitelli R | title = Differential regulation of cadherins by dexamethasone in human osteoblastic cells. | journal = J. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 77 | issue = 3 | pages = 499–506 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10760957 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(20000601)77:3<499::AID-JCB14>3.0.CO;2-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Braungart E, Schumacher C, Hartmann E, ''et al.'' |title=Functional loss of E-cadherin and cadherin-11 alleles on chromosome 16q22 in colonic cancer. |journal=J. Pathol. |volume=187 |issue= 5 |pages= 530-4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10398117 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199904)187:5<530::AID-PATH293>3.0.CO;2-C }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Braungart E, Hartman E, Bechler K, Höfler H, Atkinson MJ | title = The intracellular domain of cadherin-11 is not required for the induction of cell aggregation, adhesion or gap-junction formation. | journal = Cell Commun. Adhes. | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–27 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11775026 | doi = 10.3109/15419060109080704 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kashima T, Kawaguchi J, Takeshita S, ''et al.'' |title=Anomalous cadherin expression in osteosarcoma. Possible relationships to metastasis and morphogenesis. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=155 |issue= 5 |pages= 1549-55 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10550312 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Straub BK, Boda J, Kuhn C, Schnoelzer M, Korf U, Kempf T, Spring H, Hatzfeld M, Franke WW | title = A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells. | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 116 | issue = Pt 24 | pages = 4985–95 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14625392 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.00815 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lecanda F, Cheng SL, Shin CS, ''et al.'' |title=Differential regulation of cadherins by dexamethasone in human osteoblastic cells. |journal=J. Cell. Biochem. |volume=77 |issue= 3 |pages= 499-506 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10760957 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Morimoto AM, Tan N, West K, McArthur G, Toner GC, Manning WC, Smolich BD, Cherrington JM | title = Gene expression profiling of human colon xenograft tumors following treatment with SU11248, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. | journal = Oncogene | volume = 23 | issue = 8 | pages = 1618–26 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14985702 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1207268 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Braungart E, Hartman E, Bechler K, ''et al.'' |title=The intracellular domain of cadherin-11 is not required for the induction of cell aggregation, adhesion or gap-junction formation. |journal=Cell Commun. Adhes. |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 15-27 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11775026 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marchong MN, Chen D, Corson TW, Lee C, Harmandayan M, Bowles E, Chen N, Gallie BL | title = Minimal 16q genomic loss implicates cadherin-11 in retinoblastoma. | journal = Mol. Cancer Res. | volume = 2 | issue = 9 | pages = 495–503 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15383628 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Oliveira AM, Perez-Atayde AR, Inwards CY, Medeiros F, Derr V, Hsi BL, Gebhardt MC, Rosenberg AE, Fletcher JA | title = USP6 and CDH11 oncogenes identify the neoplastic cell in primary aneurysmal bone cysts and are absent in so-called secondary aneurysmal bone cysts. | journal = Am. J. Pathol. | volume = 165 | issue = 5 | pages = 1773–80 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15509545 | pmc = 3278819 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63432-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Straub BK, Boda J, Kuhn C, ''et al.'' |title=A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=116 |issue= Pt 24 |pages= 4985-95 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14625392 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.00815 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kiener HP, Brenner MB | title = Building the synovium: cadherin-11 mediates fibroblast-like synoviocyte cell-to-cell adhesion. | journal = [[Arthritis Research & Therapy]] | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 49–54 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15743489 | pmc = 1065331 | doi = 10.1186/ar1495 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Morimoto AM, Tan N, West K, ''et al.'' |title=Gene expression profiling of human colon xenograft tumors following treatment with SU11248, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. |journal=Oncogene |volume=23 |issue= 8 |pages= 1618-26 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14985702 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1207268 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kiener HP, Lee DM, Agarwal SK, Brenner MB | title = Cadherin-11 induces rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes to form lining layers in vitro. | journal = Am. J. Pathol. | volume = 168 | issue = 5 | pages = 1486–99 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16651616 | pmc = 1606584 | doi = 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050999 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marchong MN, Chen D, Corson TW, ''et al.'' |title=Minimal 16q genomic loss implicates cadherin-11 in retinoblastoma. |journal=Mol. Cancer Res. |volume=2 |issue= 9 |pages= 495-503 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15383628 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Oliveira AM, Perez-Atayde AR, Inwards CY, ''et al.'' |title=USP6 and CDH11 oncogenes identify the neoplastic cell in primary aneurysmal bone cysts and are absent in so-called secondary aneurysmal bone cysts. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=165 |issue= 5 |pages= 1773-80 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15509545 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kiener HP, Brenner MB |title=Building the synovium: cadherin-11 mediates fibroblast-like synoviocyte cell-to-cell adhesion. |journal=Arthritis Res. Ther. |volume=7 |issue= 2 |pages= 49-54 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15743489 |doi= 10.1186/ar1495 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kiener HP, Lee DM, Agarwal SK, Brenner MB |title=Cadherin-11 induces rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes to form lining layers in vitro. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=168 |issue= 5 |pages= 1486-99 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16651616 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
== External links ==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
* {{UCSC genome browser|CDH11}}
* {{UCSC gene details|CDH11}}
 
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1009}}
 
{{Cell adhesion molecules}}
 
 
{{gene-16-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:31, 8 November 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Cadherin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH11 gene.[1][2]

Function

This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. Expression of this particular cadherin in osteoblastic cell lines, and its upregulation during differentiation, suggests a specific function in bone development and maintenance.[2] The mammalian CDH-11 homologues are termed calsyntenin.[3]

Relevance to cancer

CDH11 is overexpressed in 15% of breast cancers and seems essential to tumour progression in some other cancer types.[4][5]

Drug interactions

Arthritis drug celecoxib binds to CDH11.[4][5]

Interactions

CDH11 has been shown to interact with CDH2.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Kremmidiotis G, Baker E, Crawford J, Eyre HJ, Nahmias J, Callen DF (Aug 1998). "Localization of human cadherin genes to chromosome regions exhibiting cancer-related loss of heterozygosity". Genomics. 49 (3): 467–71. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5281. PMID 9615235.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: CDH11 cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)".
  3. ↑ Vogt L, Schrimpf SP, Meskenaite V, Frischknecht R, Kinter J, Leone DP, Ziegler U, Sonderegger P (2001). "Calsyntenin-1, a proteolytically processed postsynaptic membrane protein with a cytoplasmic calcium-binding domain". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17 (1): 151–66. doi:10.1006/mcne.2000.0937. PMID 11161476.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "New Therapeutic Approach Could Target Both Cancer and Arthritis". 15 Nov 2013.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Assefnia S, Dakshanamurthy S, Guidry Auvil JM, Hampel C, Anastasiadis PZ, Kallakury B, Uren A, Foley DW, Brown ML, Shapiro L, Brenner M, Haigh D, Byers SW (Mar 2014). "Cadherin-11 in poor prognosis malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis: common target, common therapies". Oncotarget. 5 (6): 1458–74. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.1538. PMC 4039224. PMID 24681547.
  6. ↑ Straub BK, Boda J, Kuhn C, Schnoelzer M, Korf U, Kempf T, Spring H, Hatzfeld M, Franke WW (Dec 2003). "A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells". J. Cell Sci. 116 (Pt 24): 4985–95. doi:10.1242/jcs.00815. PMID 14625392.

Further reading

External links


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