Brucellosis differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Brucellosis must be differentiated from Typhoid fever, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Lymphoma, Dengue, Leptospirosis, Rheumatic disease, Epstein-barr virus, Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus, and HIV.

Differentiating Brucellosis from other Diseases

Brucellosis must be differentiated from Typhoid fever, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Lymphoma, Dengue, Leptospirosis, Rheumatic disease, Epstein-barr virus, Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus, and HIV.

A detailed clinical history which includes recent travel history, recent camping or hunting, consumption of unpasteurized milk or raw meat products, and occupational history should be obtained, in order to differentiate Brucellosis from other diseases.

Differentiating Brucellosis from other diseases
Disease	History of consumption of unpasteurized milk or daily products	History of recent weight loss	Situated in endemic area or travel to endemic area	IV abuse or multiple sexual partners	Fever	Rash	Painless lymphadenopathy	Painful Lymphadenopathy	White patches on the tonsil and back of throat	Keys distinguishing features
Brucellosis	✔	✖	✔	✖	✔	✔	✖	✔	✖
Typhoid fever	✖	✖	✔	✖	✔	✔	✖	✔	✖	Step ladder fever Rash which is salmon-colored and blanching
Malaria	✖	✖	✔	✖	✔	✖	✖	✔	✖	Paroxysms of spike in fever Chills Sweating
Tuberculosis	✖	✔	✔	✖	✔	✖	✖	✔	✖	Night sweats Weight loss Fatigue
Lymphoma	✖	✔	✔	✖	✔	✔	✔	✖	✖	Insidious in nature Painless lymphadenopathy
Epstein-Barr virus	✖	✖	✖	✖	✔	✔	✖	✔	✔	Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Toxoplasma	✖	✖	✖	✖	✔	✔	✔	✖	✖	Immunocompromised
Cytomegalovirus	✖	✖	✖	✖	✔	✔	✖	✔	✖	History of Blood transfusion
HIV	✖	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✖	History of  highest risk of contracting disease include contaminated blood transfusions, childbirth, needle sharing, and receptive anal intercourse.