Bronchiectasis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Bronchiectasis shows a higher mortality with males, advanced age, poor functional status, severe disease based on radiographic findings, and evidence of hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
Natural History
- There is often a delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis.
Complications
- Recurrent infection
- Increased sputum production
- Dyspnea
- Massive hemoptysis
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Decreased air is traveling through the bronchus
- Less oxygen is being distributed everywhere
- Causes pulmonary constriction which increases the pulmonary pressure
- Cor pulmonale (common cause of death)
- Respiratory failure (common cause of death)
Prognosis
- Bronchiectasis has been shown to contribute to early mortality.[1]
- Factors associated with higher mortality are advanced age, poor functional status, more severe disease based on radiographic findings, and evidence of hypoxemia or hypercapnia.[2]
- In US long-term cohort of 91 patients, 30% died during a 13-year follow-up period (median age 60 years).[1]
- Early mortality is associated with males[1]
- Infected with ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', severe exacerbations, and systemic inflammation are associated with disease advancement
- 10% of adults die within 5-8 years of diagnosis (majority being respiratory related)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McDonnell MJ, Ward C, Lordan JL, Rutherford RM (2013). "Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis". QJM. 106 (8): 709–15. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hct109. PMID 23728208.
- ↑ Onen ZP, Eris Gulbay B, Sen E, Akkoca Yildiz O, Saryal S, Acican T, Karabiyikoglu G (2007). "Analysis of the factors related to mortality in patients with bronchiectasis". Respir Med. 101 (7): 1390–97. PMID 17374480.
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