Bronchiectasis (patient information): Difference between revisions

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{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' Alexandra M. Palmer


'''Editor-in-Chief:''' Alexandra M. Palmer
==Overview==  
 
{{EJ}}
 
==What is Bronchiectasis?==  
[[Bronchiectasis]] is destruction and widening of the large [[airways]].  
[[Bronchiectasis]] is destruction and widening of the large [[airways]].  
*If the [[condition]] is present at birth, it is called [[congenital]] [[bronchiectasis]].
*If the [[condition]] is present at birth, it is called [[congenital]] [[bronchiectasis]].
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The [[condition]] can also be caused by routinely [[breathing]] in food particles while eating.
The [[condition]] can also be caused by routinely [[breathing]] in food particles while eating.


==Who is at risk for Bronchiectasis?==
==Who is at highest risk?==
Recurrent, severe [[lung]] [[infections]] ([[pneumonia]], [[tuberculosis]], [[fungal infections]]), abnormal [[lung]] defenses, and [[Airway obstruction|obstruction of the airways]] by a [[foreign body]] or [[tumor]] are some of the [[risk factors]].
Recurrent, severe [[lung]] [[infections]] ([[pneumonia]], [[tuberculosis]], [[fungal infections]]), abnormal [[lung]] defenses, and [[Airway obstruction|obstruction of the airways]] by a [[foreign body]] or [[tumor]] are some of the [[risk factors]].


==How do I know I  have Bronchiectasis?==
==When to seek  urgent medical care==
Call your [[health care provider]] if:
*[[Chest pain]] or [[shortness of breath]] gets worse
*There is a change in color or amount of the [[phlegm]] you [[cough]] up, or if it is bloody
*Other symptoms get worse or do not improve with [[treatment]]
 
==Diagnosis==
When listening to the [[chest]] with a [[stethoscope]], the doctor may hear small clicking, bubbling, [[wheezing]], rattling, or other sounds, usually in the lower lobes of the [[lungs]].
When listening to the [[chest]] with a [[stethoscope]], the doctor may hear small clicking, bubbling, [[wheezing]], rattling, or other sounds, usually in the lower lobes of the [[lungs]].


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*[[Serum]] [[immunoglobulin]] [[electrophoresis]]
*[[Serum]] [[immunoglobulin]] [[electrophoresis]]
*[[Sweat test]] or other [[cystic fibrosis]] [[testing]]
*[[Sweat test]] or other [[cystic fibrosis]] [[testing]]
==When to seek  urgent medical care==
Call your [[health care provider]] if:
*[[Chest pain]] or [[shortness of breath]] gets worse
*There is a change in color or amount of the [[phlegm]] you [[cough]] up, or if it is bloody
*Other symptoms get worse or do not improve with [[treatment]]


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==
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*Coughing up [[blood]]
*Coughing up [[blood]]
*Low [[oxygen]] levels (in severe cases)
*Low [[oxygen]] levels (in severe cases)
*Recurrent [[pneumonia]]
*Recurrent [[Pneumonia (patient information)|pneumonia]]


==Sources==
==Sources==
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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
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[[Category:Patient Information]]
[[Category:Patient information]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine patient information]]
[[Category:Pulmonary patient information]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Disease state]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]

Revision as of 04:22, 29 July 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alexandra M. Palmer

Overview

Bronchiectasis is destruction and widening of the large airways.

What are the symptoms of Bronchiectasis?

Symptoms often develop gradually, and may occur months or years after the event that causes the bronchiectasis.

They may include:

What causes Bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis is often caused by recurrent inflammation or infection of the airways. It most often begins in childhood as a complication from infection or inhaling a foreign object.

Cystic fibrosis causes about half of all bronchiectasis in the United States.

The condition can also be caused by routinely breathing in food particles while eating.

Who is at highest risk?

Recurrent, severe lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis, fungal infections), abnormal lung defenses, and obstruction of the airways by a foreign body or tumor are some of the risk factors.

When to seek urgent medical care

Call your health care provider if:

Diagnosis

When listening to the chest with a stethoscope, the doctor may hear small clicking, bubbling, wheezing, rattling, or other sounds, usually in the lower lobes of the lungs.

Tests may include:

Treatment options

Treatment is aimed at controlling infections and bronchial secretions, relieving airway obstruction, and preventing complications.

Regular, daily drainage to remove bronchial secretions is a routine part of treatment. A respiratory therapist can show the patient coughing exercises that will help.

Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and expectorants are often prescribed for infections.

Surgery to resect the lung may be needed if medicine does not work or if the patient has massive bleeding.

Where to find medical care for Bronchiectasis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Bronchiectasis

Prevention of Bronchiectasis

The risk may be reduced if lung infections are promptly treated.

Childhood vaccinations and a yearly flu vaccine help reduce the chance of some infections. Avoiding upper respiratory infections, smoking, and pollution may also reduce your risk of infection.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)

With treatment, most people can lead normal lives without major disability.

Possible complications

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000144.htm

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