Boil pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Boil}} | {{Boil}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{YK}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YK}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Boils (furuncles) are a localized deep [[suppurative]] [[necrotizing]] form of [[folliculitis]] which involve the [[dermis]] and the [[subcutaneous tissue]]. ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' is the most common causative agent. Following an [[abrasion]] or cut, the [[pathogen]] uses the wound site to invade and colonize the [[hair follicle]]. This leads to the formation of tender, [[erythematous]], perifollicular [[nodule]]. The boil later becomes painful and fluctuant leading to discharge of [[pus]] and formation of [[necrotic]] plugs, which may leave a [[scar]].<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
*Boil (furuncle) is a localized deep [[suppurative]] [[necrotizing]] form of [[folliculitis]] which involves the [[dermis]] and the [[subcutaneous tissue]]. ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' is the most common causative agent. | |||
*Following [[abrasion]] or cut the [[pathogen]] uses the wound site to invade and colonize the [[hair follicle]]. This leads to the formation of a tender [[erythematous]] perifollicular [[nodule]]. | |||
*Following [[abrasion]] or cut the [[pathogen]] uses the | *Boils may become painful and fluctuant, leading to the discharge of [[pus]] and formation of [[necrotic]] plugs, which may leave a [[scar]].<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | ||
* | *Furunculosis is the [[acute]] or [[chronic]] appearance of a number of boils (furuncles) at multiple [[skin]] sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within a 12 month period.<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | ||
*It is a [[contagious]] condition, which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the [[scalp]], [[face]], [[buttocks]], [[axillae]], and areas that are subject to [[friction]] and [[perspiration]]. | |||
*Furunculosis is the [[acute]] or [[chronic]] appearance of a number of furuncles at multiple [[skin]] sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within 12 month period.<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | |||
*It is a [[contagious]] condition which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the [[scalp]], [[face]], [[buttocks]], [[axillae]] and areas | |||
*A group of furuncles coalesce to form a [[carbuncle]]. | |||
====Schematic of Pathogenesis==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:furuncle pathophysiology.png|Boil(furuncle)pathogenesis | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Associated Conditions=== | ===Associated Conditions=== | ||
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===Gross Pathology=== | ===Gross Pathology=== | ||
[[ | On [[gross]] [[pathology]], characteristic findings of boils include firm, [[tender]], red, dome shaped [[nodule]]s, which progress to fluctuant, [[pus]]-filled, and painful lesions. Boils may vary in size. | ||
===Microscopic histopathological analysis=== | |||
On [[microscopic]] [[histopathological]] analysis, characteristic findings of boils include: | |||
*Infiltrate predominantly consists of [[neutrophils]] within the wall and ostia of [[hair follicle]]s | |||
*Lesions may subsequently be infiltrated with [[lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]] creating a central focus of [[necrosis]]. | |||
*[[Inflammation]] of [[hair follicle]] may be: | |||
:*Superficial (primarily involving the infandibulum) | |||
:*Deep | |||
===Examples of Gross Pathology=== | |||
The following are images associated with boil: | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:furuncle.jpg|Boil(furuncle) on Anterior leg: Dome shaped [[pus]] filled boil(furuncle) with [[erythema]] of [[skin]] - By The original uploader was Mahdouch at French Wikipedia - Transferred from fr.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY 1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3123389 | |||
</gallery> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:39, 29 July 2020
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Boil Microchapters |
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Boil pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Boil pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Boils (furuncles) are a localized deep suppurative necrotizing form of folliculitis which involve the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent. Following an abrasion or cut, the pathogen uses the wound site to invade and colonize the hair follicle. This leads to the formation of tender, erythematous, perifollicular nodule. The boil later becomes painful and fluctuant leading to discharge of pus and formation of necrotic plugs, which may leave a scar.[1]
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Boil (furuncle) is a localized deep suppurative necrotizing form of folliculitis which involves the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent.
- Following abrasion or cut the pathogen uses the wound site to invade and colonize the hair follicle. This leads to the formation of a tender erythematous perifollicular nodule.
- Boils may become painful and fluctuant, leading to the discharge of pus and formation of necrotic plugs, which may leave a scar.[1]
- Furunculosis is the acute or chronic appearance of a number of boils (furuncles) at multiple skin sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within a 12 month period.[1]
- It is a contagious condition, which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the scalp, face, buttocks, axillae, and areas that are subject to friction and perspiration.
- A group of furuncles coalesce to form a carbuncle.
Schematic of Pathogenesis
-
Boil(furuncle)pathogenesis
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, characteristic findings of boils include firm, tender, red, dome shaped nodules, which progress to fluctuant, pus-filled, and painful lesions. Boils may vary in size.
Microscopic histopathological analysis
On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of boils include:
- Infiltrate predominantly consists of neutrophils within the wall and ostia of hair follicles
- Lesions may subsequently be infiltrated with lymphocytes and macrophages creating a central focus of necrosis.
- Inflammation of hair follicle may be:
- Superficial (primarily involving the infandibulum)
- Deep
Examples of Gross Pathology
The following are images associated with boil:
-
Boil(furuncle) on Anterior leg: Dome shaped pus filled boil(furuncle) with erythema of skin - By The original uploader was Mahdouch at French Wikipedia - Transferred from fr.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY 1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3123389
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ibler KS, Kromann CB (2014). "Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review". Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 7: 59–64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302. PMC 3934592. PMID 24591845.