Bacterial meningitis risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors for bacterial meningitis may include extremes of age groups, immunosuppression, recent exposure to person suffering from meningitis, disruption of normal anatomical CNS barrier, medical conditions such as lupus, complement deficiency, sepsis, infective endocarditis, people living in close groups such as college campuses, dorms, alcohalism, smoking and injection drug abuse.
Common risk factors for bacterial meningitis may include extremes of age groups, [[immunosuppression]], recent exposure to person suffering from meningitis, disruption of normal anatomical CNS barrier, medical conditions such as lupus, [[complement deficiency]], [[sepsis]], [[infective endocarditis]], people living in close groups such as college campuses and dorms, alcohalism, smoking and injection drug abuse.<ref name="pmid25753069">{{cite journal| author=Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D| title=Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. | journal=Neth J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 53-60 | pmid=25753069 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25753069  }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid8416268">{{cite journal| author=Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS et al.| title=Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 328 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-8 | pmid=8416268 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199301073280104 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8416268  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16823308">{{cite journal| author=Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L| title=Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-33; discussion 126-33 | pmid=16823308 | doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16823308  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1554841">{{cite journal| author=Moore PS| title=Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1992 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 515-25 | pmid=1554841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1554841  }} </ref>


==Risk factors==
==Risk factors==
Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:<ref name="pmid25753069">{{cite journal| author=Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D| title=Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. | journal=Neth J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 53-60 | pmid=25753069 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25753069  }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid8416268">{{cite journal| author=Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS et al.| title=Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 328 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-8 | pmid=8416268 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199301073280104 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8416268 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16823308">{{cite journal| author=Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L| title=Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-33; discussion 126-33 | pmid=16823308 | doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16823308 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16823308">{{cite journal| author=Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L| title=Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-33; discussion 126-33 | pmid=16823308 | doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16823308  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1554841">{{cite journal| author=Moore PS| title=Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1992 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 515-25 | pmid=1554841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1554841  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19419829">{{cite journal| author=Revest M, Michelet C| title=[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 7-8 | pages= 562-71 | pmid=19419829 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19419829  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22091233">{{cite journal| author=Ataee RA, Mehrabi-Tavana A, Izadi M, Hosseini SM, Ataee MH| title=Bacterial meningitis: a new risk factor. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2011 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 207-10 | pmid=22091233 | doi= | pmc=3214305 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22091233  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3088242">{{cite journal| author=Shapiro ED, Aaron NH, Wald ER, Chiponis D| title=Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1986 | volume= 109 | issue= 1 | pages= 15-9 | pmid=3088242 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3088242  }} </ref><br>
Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:<ref name="pmid25753069">{{cite journal| author=Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D| title=Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. | journal=Neth J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 53-60 | pmid=25753069 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25753069  }} </ref><ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid8416268">{{cite journal| author=Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS et al.| title=Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 328 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-8 | pmid=8416268 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199301073280104 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8416268  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16823308">{{cite journal| author=Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L| title=Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2006 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-33; discussion 126-33 | pmid=16823308 | doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16823308  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1554841">{{cite journal| author=Moore PS| title=Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1992 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 515-25 | pmid=1554841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1554841  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19419829">{{cite journal| author=Revest M, Michelet C| title=[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 7-8 | pages= 562-71 | pmid=19419829 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19419829  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22091233">{{cite journal| author=Ataee RA, Mehrabi-Tavana A, Izadi M, Hosseini SM, Ataee MH| title=Bacterial meningitis: a new risk factor. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2011 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 207-10 | pmid=22091233 | doi= | pmc=3214305 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22091233  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3088242">{{cite journal| author=Shapiro ED, Aaron NH, Wald ER, Chiponis D| title=Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1986 | volume= 109 | issue= 1 | pages= 15-9 | pmid=3088242 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3088242  }} </ref><br>
'''Age'''
'''Age'''
*Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age
*Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age
Line 17: Line 17:
'''Certain medical conditions'''
'''Certain medical conditions'''
*Recent respiratory or ear infection
*Recent respiratory or ear infection
*Otorrhea or rhinorrhea
*[[Otorrhea]] or [[rhinorrhea]]
*Lupus
*[[Lupus]]
*Infective endocarditis
*Infective endocarditis
'''Working with meningitis-causing pathogens '''
'''Working with meningitis-causing pathogens '''
Line 28: Line 28:
'''Immunosuppression'''
'''Immunosuppression'''
*Prolonged steroid therapy
*Prolonged steroid therapy
*Complement deficiency
*[[Complement deficiency]]
*Diabetes mellitus
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*Hypogammaglobulinemia, and
*[[Hypogammaglobulinemia]]
*Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection  
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection]]
'''Disruption of anatomical CNS barrier'''
'''Disruption of anatomical CNS barrier'''
*Basilar skull fracture
*Basilar skull fracture
*Neurosurgery
*[[Neurosurgery]]
*CNS implants such as intracerebral pressure monitors
*CNS implants such as intracerebral pressure monitors
*CSF shunts  
*CSF shunts  
*Choclear implants
*Choclear implants
'''Other risk factors'''
'''Other risk factors'''
*Smoking
*[[Smoking]]
*Alcohalism
*[[Alcoholism]]
*Injection drug abuse
*Injection drug abuse
*Sepsis
*[[Sepsis]]


==References==
==References==
Line 49: Line 49:
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 29 July 2020

Meningitis main page

Bacterial meningitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Meningitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Lumbar Puncture

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Common risk factors for bacterial meningitis may include extremes of age groups, immunosuppression, recent exposure to person suffering from meningitis, disruption of normal anatomical CNS barrier, medical conditions such as lupus, complement deficiency, sepsis, infective endocarditis, people living in close groups such as college campuses and dorms, alcohalism, smoking and injection drug abuse.[1][2][3][4][5]

Risk factors

Common risk factors of bacterial meningitis may include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Age

  • Extremes of age predispose to bacterial meningitis such as infants and old age
  • Type of bacteria affecting affecting different age groups varies

Community setting

  • People living in dorms
  • Military personnel
  • Large gatherings in college campuses

Certain medical conditions

Working with meningitis-causing pathogens

  • Microbiologists
  • Lab personnel

Travel

  • Recent travel to endemic area such as sub-Saharan Africa
  • Travel to Mecca during the annual Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage

Immunosuppression

Disruption of anatomical CNS barrier

  • Basilar skull fracture
  • Neurosurgery
  • CNS implants such as intracerebral pressure monitors
  • CSF shunts
  • Choclear implants

Other risk factors

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Adriani KS, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D (2015). "Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults". Neth J Med. 73 (2): 53–60. PMID 25753069.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th September, 2017
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS; et al. (1993). "Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes". N Engl J Med. 328 (1): 21–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199301073280104. PMID 8416268.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P, Puybasset L (2006). "Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis". Neurosurgery. 59 (1): 126–33, discussion 126-33. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000220477.47323.92. PMID 16823308.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Moore PS (1992). "Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process". Clin Infect Dis. 14 (2): 515–25. PMID 1554841.
  6. ↑ Revest M, Michelet C (2009). "[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]". Med Mal Infect. 39 (7–8): 562–71. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.029. PMID 19419829.
  7. ↑ Ataee RA, Mehrabi-Tavana A, Izadi M, Hosseini SM, Ataee MH (2011). "Bacterial meningitis: a new risk factor". J Res Med Sci. 16 (2): 207–10. PMC 3214305. PMID 22091233.
  8. ↑ Shapiro ED, Aaron NH, Wald ER, Chiponis D (1986). "Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia". J Pediatr. 109 (1): 15–9. PMID 3088242.


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Bacterial_meningitis_risk_factors&oldid=1635062"