Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome MRI: Difference between revisions
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**[complication 2] | **[complication 2] | ||
**[complication 3] | **[complication 3] | ||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scan with intravenous gadolinium is the imaging procedure of choice in diagnosis of [[hypopituitarism]] . It is preferred over the [[CT scan]] as [[optic chiasm]], [[pituitary stalk]], and [[cavernous sinuses]] can be seen in [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]].<ref name="Vance1994">{{cite journal|last1=Vance|first1=Mary Lee|title=Hypopituitarism|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=330|issue=23|year=1994|pages=1651–1662|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199406093302306}}</ref> | |||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is the single best imaging modality in the evaluation of [[Sella|sellar]] masses as certain findings are suggestive of some specific sellar masses and help to differentiate them | |||
*If MRI is not possible due to any reason, high-resolution CT scan with contrast administration, in coronal plane, may be used as an alternative | |||
*An [[magnetic resonance imaging]] ([[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]) scan may show a three-dimensional image of [[pituitary gland]], [[hypothalamus]], and the [[organs]] near them. | |||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is used to detect the underlying cause of like the [[pituitary adenoma]] that can be seen as a mass with [[hormonal]] hypersecretion. | |||
*There is a positive [[correlation]] between [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] <nowiki/>findings and the number of [[Pituitary hormone|pituitary hormonal]] deficiencies.<ref name="pmid20197674">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li G, Shao P, Sun X, Wang Q, Zhang L |title=Magnetic resonance imaging and pituitary function in children with panhypopituitarism |journal=Horm Res Paediatr |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=205–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20197674 |doi=10.1159/000284363 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21646285">{{cite journal |vauthors=Child CJ, Zimmermann AG, Woodmansee WW, Green DM, Li JJ, Jung H, Erfurth EM, Robison LL |title=Assessment of primary cancers in GH-treated adult hypopituitary patients: an analysis from the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=165 |issue=2 |pages=217–23 |year=2011 |pmid=21646285 |pmc=3132593 |doi=10.1530/EJE-11-0286 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*An [[MRI]] lesion needs to be related to clinical and lab findings. The absence of an [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] lesion mostly indicates a non-organic etiology. | |||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]]<nowiki/>scan shows the following findings in cases of [[hypopituitarism]]:<ref name="Pozzi MucelliFrezza1992">{{cite journal|last1=Pozzi Mucelli|first1=R. S.|last2=Frezza|first2=F.|last3=Magnaldi|first3=S.|last4=Proto|first4=G.|title=Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with panhypopituitarism|journal=European Radiology|volume=2|issue=1|year=1992|pages=42–46|issn=0938-7994|doi=10.1007/BF00714180}}</ref> | |||
**Decreased size of the [[pituitary gland]]. | |||
**[[Empty sella]] may be noticed in some cases. | |||
**[[Pituitary stalk]] may be visible, thin, or totally absent. | |||
**[[Posterior lobe]] of the [[pituitary]] may be absent. | |||
**Mass may appear in the [[pituitary]]. | |||
**[[Ectopic]] [[posterior lobe]] of the [[pituitary gland]] may be observed in cases of [[Pituitary dwarfism II|pituitary dwarfism]]. | |||
**Infiltrative disorders such a sarcoidosis and histiocytosis may present as thickening of infundibulum<ref name="pmid22015494">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imashuku S, Kudo N, Kaneda S, Kuroda H, Shiwa T, Hiraiwa T, Inagaki A, Morimoto A |title=Treatment of patients with hypothalamic-pituitary lesions as adult-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=94 |issue=6 |pages=556–60 |year=2011 |pmid=22015494 |doi=10.1007/s12185-011-0955-z |url=}}</ref> | |||
**In cranial DI, T1 weighted MR shows absence of high internsity bright spot that is normally seen in posterior pituitary<ref name="pmid7625990">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Herder WW, Lamberts SW |title=Imaging of pituitary tumours |journal=Baillieres Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=367–89 |year=1995 |pmid=7625990 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:49, 27 September 2017
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Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
MRI
- There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
OR
- [Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
OR
- There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include:
- [complication 1]
- [complication 2]
- [complication 3]
- MRI scan with intravenous gadolinium is the imaging procedure of choice in diagnosis of hypopituitarism . It is preferred over the CT scan as optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, and cavernous sinuses can be seen in MRI.[1]
- MRI is the single best imaging modality in the evaluation of sellar masses as certain findings are suggestive of some specific sellar masses and help to differentiate them
- If MRI is not possible due to any reason, high-resolution CT scan with contrast administration, in coronal plane, may be used as an alternative
- An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may show a three-dimensional image of pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and the organs near them.
- MRI is used to detect the underlying cause of like the pituitary adenoma that can be seen as a mass with hormonal hypersecretion.
- There is a positive correlation between MRI findings and the number of pituitary hormonal deficiencies.[2][3]
- An MRI lesion needs to be related to clinical and lab findings. The absence of an MRI lesion mostly indicates a non-organic etiology.
- MRIscan shows the following findings in cases of hypopituitarism:[4]
- Decreased size of the pituitary gland.
- Empty sella may be noticed in some cases.
- Pituitary stalk may be visible, thin, or totally absent.
- Posterior lobe of the pituitary may be absent.
- Mass may appear in the pituitary.
- Ectopic posterior lobe of the pituitary gland may be observed in cases of pituitary dwarfism.
- Infiltrative disorders such a sarcoidosis and histiocytosis may present as thickening of infundibulum[5]
- In cranial DI, T1 weighted MR shows absence of high internsity bright spot that is normally seen in posterior pituitary[6]
References
- ↑ Vance, Mary Lee (1994). "Hypopituitarism". New England Journal of Medicine. 330 (23): 1651–1662. doi:10.1056/NEJM199406093302306. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Li G, Shao P, Sun X, Wang Q, Zhang L (2010). "Magnetic resonance imaging and pituitary function in children with panhypopituitarism". Horm Res Paediatr. 73 (3): 205–9. doi:10.1159/000284363. PMID 20197674.
- ↑ Child CJ, Zimmermann AG, Woodmansee WW, Green DM, Li JJ, Jung H, Erfurth EM, Robison LL (2011). "Assessment of primary cancers in GH-treated adult hypopituitary patients: an analysis from the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165 (2): 217–23. doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0286. PMC 3132593. PMID 21646285.
- ↑ Pozzi Mucelli, R. S.; Frezza, F.; Magnaldi, S.; Proto, G. (1992). "Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with panhypopituitarism". European Radiology. 2 (1): 42–46. doi:10.1007/BF00714180. ISSN 0938-7994.
- ↑ Imashuku S, Kudo N, Kaneda S, Kuroda H, Shiwa T, Hiraiwa T, Inagaki A, Morimoto A (2011). "Treatment of patients with hypothalamic-pituitary lesions as adult-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis". Int. J. Hematol. 94 (6): 556–60. doi:10.1007/s12185-011-0955-z. PMID 22015494.
- ↑ De Herder WW, Lamberts SW (1995). "Imaging of pituitary tumours". Baillieres Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 9 (2): 367–89. PMID 7625990.