Adult T-cell leukemia: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Adult T-cell leukemia}}
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HL}}{{AIDA}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}}
  Image          = Adult T cell leukemia.jpg|
  Caption        = Adult T cell leukemia: Blood smear from a patient from the Kyushu region of Japan with HTLV-1-positive adult T-cell leukemia. The lymphocyte has a markedly lobulated, "flower" shaped nucleus. (Wright-Giemsa stain) <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>|
  DiseasesDB    = 29486 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|83||c|81}}-{{ICD10|C|88||c|81}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|204.0}}-{{ICD9|208.9}} |
  ICDO          = {{ICDO|9827|3}} |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = D015460 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}


==Overview==
{{SK}} T cell leukemia; T cell leukemias; T cell leukaemia; T cell leukaemias; Adult T cell leukemia; Adult T cell leukemias; Acute adult T-cell leukemia; Chronic adult T-cell leukemia; Smouldering adult T-cell leukemia; Adult T-cell lymphoma
Human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 ([[HTLV-1]]) is believed to be the cause of several diseases, including '''adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma''' ('''ATLL'''), a rare [[cancer]] of the immune system's own [[T-cell]]s.


ATLL is usually a highly aggressive [[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]] with no characteristic histologic appearance except for a diffuse pattern and a mature T-cell phenotype. Circulating [[lymphocyte]]s with an irregular nuclear contour (leukemic cells) are frequently seen. Several lines of evidence suggest that HTLV-1 causes ATLL. This evidence includes the frequent isolation of HTLV-1 from patients with this disease and the detection of HTLV-1 proviral genome in ATLL leukemic cells. ATLL is frequently accompanied by visceral involvement, [[hypercalcemia]], lytic bone lesions, and [[skin lesion]]s. Most patients die within one year of diagnosis.
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia overview|Overview]]==


Infection with HTLV-1, like infection with other [[retroviruses]], probably occurs for life and can be inferred when antibody against HTLV-1 is detected in the [[blood plasma|serum]].
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==Incidence/prevalence==
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia classification|Classification]]==
HTLV-1 infection in the United States appears to be rare. Although little serologic data exist, prevalence of infection is thought to be highest among blacks living in the Southeast. A prevalence rate of 30% has been found among black intravenous drug abusers in New Jersey, and a rate of 49% has been found in a similar group in New Orleans. It is possible that prevalence of infection is increasing in this risk group. Studies of HTLV-1 antibody indicate that the virus is endemic in southern Japan, in the Caribbean, and in Africa.


ATLL is relatively uncommon among those infected with HTLV-1. The overall incidence of ATLL is estimated at about 1 per 1,500 adult HTLV-1 carriers per year. Those cases that have been reported have occurred mostly among persons from the Caribbean or blacks from the Southeast (National Institutes of Health, unpublished data). There appears to be a long latent period between HTLV-1 infection and the start of ATLL.
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Transmission==
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia causes|Causes]]==
Transmission of HTLV-1 is believed to occur from mother to child; by sexual contact; and through exposure to contaminated blood, either through [[blood transfusion]] or sharing of contaminated needles.


== External links ==
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Adult T-cell leukemia from Other Diseases]]==
* {{cite journal |author=Franchini G, Nicot C, Johnson JM |title=Seizing of T cells by human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=89 |issue= |pages=69-132 |year=2003 |pmid=14587871 |doi=}}


* Epidemiologic Notes and Reports: [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001013.htm Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Associated With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) Infection -- North Carolina]
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


* Genoveffa Franchini's NCI page: [http://ccr.cancer.gov/staff/staff.asp?profileid=5587 Human Retroviral Diseases: Pathogenesis and Prevention]
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


* [http://htlv.net International Retrovirology Association]
==[[Adult T-cell leukemia screening|Screening]]==


==References==
==[[T-cell leukemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
{{reflist|2}}


{{Hematological malignancy histology}}
==Diagnosis==
[[Adult T-cell leukemia diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia CT|CT scan]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


[[Category:Disease]]
==Treatment==
[[Adult T-cell leukemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia interventions|Interventions]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Adult T-cell leukemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Adult T-cell leukemia case study one|Case #1]]
 
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Virology]]
 
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Latest revision as of 17:21, 25 July 2020

Adult T-cell leukemia Microchapters

Home

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Adult T-cell leukemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-Ray Findings

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]Aida Javanbakht, M.D.; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]

Synonyms and keywords: T cell leukemia; T cell leukemias; T cell leukaemia; T cell leukaemias; Adult T cell leukemia; Adult T cell leukemias; Acute adult T-cell leukemia; Chronic adult T-cell leukemia; Smouldering adult T-cell leukemia; Adult T-cell lymphoma

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Adult T-cell leukemia from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT scan | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Interventions | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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