Adrenolipoma overview

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Differentiating Adrenolipoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

Adrenolipomas are rare benign neoplasms that histologically consist of fat and bone marrow in varying proportions. In general, they are small, unilateral, and hormonally inactive. They are rich in adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic. Adrenolipomas are usually detected incidentally in autopsy or by imaging studies performed for other reasons. Most tumors are unilateral, they show no predilection to one peculiar side. Symptoms of adrenolipoma include abdominal pain, haematuria, and abdominal fullness. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.

Historical Perspective

Adrenolipoma was first discovered by Gierke in 1905.[1]

Pathophysiology

On gross pathology, central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim is a characteristic finding of adrenolipoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, variable amounts of adipocytes and hematopietic cells are characteristic findings of adrenolipoma.

Differentiating Adrenolipoma from other Disease

Adrenolioma must be differentiated from retroperitoneal liposarcoma, adrenal teratoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence of adrenolipoma is approximately 0.8-4 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Adrenolipoma affects men and women equally.[1]

Complications

Common complications of adrenolipoma include Cushing syndrome, Conn syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and retroperitoneal haemorrhage.[1]

Symptoms

Symptoms of adrenolipoma include abdominal pain and haematuria, and abdominal fullness.

Diagnosis

CT

Abdominal CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenolipoma.

MRI

Abdominal MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenolipoma.

Ultrasonography

On ultrasound, adrenolipoma is characterized by heterogenous mass of mixed hyper- and hypoechoic components.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Other diagnostic studies for adrenolipoma include fine needle aspiration and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (FDG).[1]

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of large adrenolipomas.

References

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