Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Upper respiratory tract infections is the most common human infection worldwide.[1]
- In average, adults get 2-3 influenza bouts/year and children get 6-10 infections/year.[2]
Age
- Infection is more common in infants and elderly due to decreased immunity.
- Elderly > 65 years tend to have more severe form of the disease and to develop complications.[3]
Sex
- Males are more commonly affected with common cold than females in all age groups.
- This is especially true in young children and in elderly.[4]
Race
- Native Americans and Inuits are more likely to have the infection and develop complications.[2]
Developing and developed countries:
- Acute viral pharyngitis is prevalent worldwide with no specific prediliction.
Seasonality
- In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the fall and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April.
- The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year, or due to people spending more time indoors (thus in closer proximity with each other) increasing the chance of transmission of the virus.
References
- ↑ Turner RB (1997). "Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold". Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 78 (6): 531–9, quiz 539–40. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63213-9. PMID 9207716.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fashner J, Ericson K, Werner S (2012). "Treatment of the common cold in children and adults". Am Fam Physician. 86 (2): 153–9. PMID 22962927.
- ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
- ↑ Heeler RM (1997). "Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold". JAMA. 278 (15): 1231–2. PMID 9333254.