Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "{{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ==Epidemiology== Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases among adults, wh...")
 
No edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:
==Epidemiology==
==Epidemiology==
Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases among adults, who have two to four respiratory infections annually.<ref name="pmid4014285">{{cite journal | author = Garibaldi RA | title = Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. Incidence, etiology, and impact | journal = Am. J. Med. | volume = 78 | issue = 6B | pages = 32-7 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4014285}}</ref> Children may have six to ten colds a year (and up to 12 colds a year for school children).<ref name="pmid17323712">{{cite journal | author = Simasek M, Blandino DA | title = Treatment of the common cold | journal = American family physician | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17323712 | doi = }}</ref> In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the fall and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April. The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year, or due to people spending more time indoors (thus in closer proximity with each other) increasing the chance of transmission of the virus.
Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases among adults, who have two to four respiratory infections annually.<ref name="pmid4014285">{{cite journal | author = Garibaldi RA | title = Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. Incidence, etiology, and impact | journal = Am. J. Med. | volume = 78 | issue = 6B | pages = 32-7 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4014285}}</ref> Children may have six to ten colds a year (and up to 12 colds a year for school children).<ref name="pmid17323712">{{cite journal | author = Simasek M, Blandino DA | title = Treatment of the common cold | journal = American family physician | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17323712 | doi = }}</ref> In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the fall and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April. The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year, or due to people spending more time indoors (thus in closer proximity with each other) increasing the chance of transmission of the virus.
===Virus===
Common colds are most often caused by infection by one of the more than 100 [[serovar|serotypes]] of [[rhinovirus]], a type of [[picornavirus]]. Other viruses causing colds are [[coronavirus]], [[human parainfluenza viruses]], [[human respiratory syncytial virus]], [[Adenoviridae|adenoviruses]], [[enterovirus]]es, or [[metapneumovirus]].<ref name="Merck">{{cite web | title = Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection) | work = The Merck Manual Online | publisher = [[Merck & Co.]] | date = November 2005 | url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch188/ch188c.html}}</ref><ref name="CKS">{{cite web | author = CKS | year = 2007 | title = Common Cold (Topic Review) | publisher = Clinical Knowledge Summaries Service | url = http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/common_cold/view_whole_topic_review}}</ref>
===Transmission===
[[Image:Aerosol from Sneeze.jpg | thumb | 275px | left | Cold viruses are spread by aerosols created when a patient sneezes]]
The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two ways:
*in aerosol form generated by coughing, sneezing, or
*from contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person, either directly or from contaminated surfaces.
Symptoms are not necessary for viral shedding or transmission, as a percentage of asymptomatic subjects exhibit viruses in nasal swabs.<ref name=gsacc>{{cite web | url=http://dh.sa.gov.au/pehs/Youve-got-what/ygw-common-cold.pdf |type = pdf | title=Common Cold | publisher=Department of Health, Government of South Australia | year=2005}}</ref> The infectious period (time during which an infected person can infect others) begins about one day before symptoms begin, and continues for the first five days of the illness.
The virus enters the [[cell (biology)|cells]] of the lining of the [[nasopharynx]] (the area between the nose and throat), and rapidly multiplies. The major entry point is normally the nose, but can also be the eyes (in this case drainage into the nasopharynx would occur through the [[Nasolacrimal duct]]).


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:38, 21 August 2012

Acute viral nasopharyngitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating acute viral nasopharyngitis from other diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X-ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other imaging findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics

Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs onAcute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Osteoporosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Epidemiology

Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases among adults, who have two to four respiratory infections annually.[1] Children may have six to ten colds a year (and up to 12 colds a year for school children).[2] In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the fall and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April. The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year, or due to people spending more time indoors (thus in closer proximity with each other) increasing the chance of transmission of the virus.

References

  1. Garibaldi RA (1985). "Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. Incidence, etiology, and impact". Am. J. Med. 78 (6B): 32–7. PMID 4014285.
  2. Simasek M, Blandino DA (2007). "Treatment of the common cold". American family physician. 75 (4): 515–20. PMID 17323712.

Template:WH Template:WS