Acute respiratory distress syndrome laboratory tests

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of ARDS include an arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) that is inappropriately low relative to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) that is being breathed by the patient. This is referred to as the PaO2/FIO2 ratio (sometimes abbreviated as P/F ratio) and is calculated by dividing the PaO2 (in mmHg) by the FIO2 (as a decimal rather than a percentage).

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of ARDS include an arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) that is inappropriately low relative to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) that is being breathed by the patient. This is referred to as the PaO2/FIO2 ratio (sometimes abbreviated as P/F ratio) and is calculated by dividing the PaO2 (in mmHg) by the FIO2 (as a decimal rather than a percentage). Below are three examples of P/F ratio calculations that correspond to the three different degrees of ARDS severity:

Additional Laboratory Tests

Other notable diagnostic findings are those that support an underlying diagnosis that may have led to the development of ARDS (e.g., positive blood cultures and an elevated white blood cell count in a septic patient or an elevated lipase in a patient with acute pancreatitis). Additional laboratory tests that may be helpful in diagnosing the underlying cause of ARDS include:

Further testing should be guided by clinical suspicion and the patient's medical history. These laboratory tests include:

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