Acute liver failure historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
IF the circumstances under which the disease was discovered are known: | |||
[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event]. | |||
Other sentences may describe the development of diagnostic techniques or therapies to treat the disease, outbreaks or epidemics throughout history, discoveries relating to the pathogenesis or causes of the disease, etc. A non-comprehensive list of additional template statements is below. | |||
In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name]. | |||
There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below. | |||
The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event]. | |||
In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name]. | |||
In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name]. | |||
The following are a few famous cases of [disease name]. | |||
* Trey and Davidson introduced the term ''fulminant hepatic failure'' in 1970. | * Trey and Davidson introduced the term ''fulminant hepatic failure'' in 1970. | ||
* Later it was suggested that the term ''fulminant'' should be confined to patients who develop [[jaundice]] to [[encephalopathy]] within 2 weeks. Terms ''subfulminant'' hepatic failure and ''late onset'' hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, ''et al'' |title=Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=648-51 |year=1986 |pmid=3732998 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R |title=Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=288-94 |year=1986 |pmid=3082735 |doi=}}</ref>. | * Later it was suggested that the term ''fulminant'' should be confined to patients who develop [[jaundice]] to [[encephalopathy]] within 2 weeks. Terms ''subfulminant'' hepatic failure and ''late onset'' hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, ''et al'' |title=Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=648-51 |year=1986 |pmid=3732998 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R |title=Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=288-94 |year=1986 |pmid=3082735 |doi=}}</ref>. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Trey and Davidson coined the term fulminant hepatic failure in 1970 to describe this reversible condition of severe liver injury. They described a condition of onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of appearance of first symptoms, and an absence of pre-existing liver disease.[1].
Historical Perspective
IF the circumstances under which the disease was discovered are known: [Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event]. Other sentences may describe the development of diagnostic techniques or therapies to treat the disease, outbreaks or epidemics throughout history, discoveries relating to the pathogenesis or causes of the disease, etc. A non-comprehensive list of additional template statements is below. In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name]. There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below. The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event]. In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name]. In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name]. The following are a few famous cases of [disease name].
- Trey and Davidson introduced the term fulminant hepatic failure in 1970.
- Later it was suggested that the term fulminant should be confined to patients who develop jaundice to encephalopathy within 2 weeks. Terms subfulminant hepatic failure and late onset hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively[2][3].
- To date no universally accepted nomenclature has been adopted.
- The umbrella term of acute liver failure was proposed by Kings college group which has been adopted in this article. Paradoxically in this classification the best prognosis is in the hyperacute group[4].
References
- ↑ Trey C, Davidson CS (1970). "The management of fulminant hepatic failure". Progress in liver diseases. 3: 282–98. PMID 4908702.
- ↑ Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T; et al. (1986). "Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B". Hepatology. 6 (4): 648–51. PMID 3732998.
- ↑ Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R (1986). "Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features". Hepatology. 6 (2): 288–94. PMID 3082735.
- ↑ Sass DA, Shakil AO (2005). "Fulminant hepatic failure". Liver Transpl. 11 (6): 594–605. doi:10.1002/lt.20435. PMID 15915484.