Abdominal aortic aneurysm differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Template:Abdominal aortic aneurysm}}
__NOTOC__
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm]]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; {{HP}} {{RG}}


{{CMG}}: '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
==Overview==
An abdominal aortic aneurysm should be differentiated from other causes of [[abdominal pain]] such as [[acute cholecystitis]], [[gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[perforated peptic ulcer]], [[ischemic bowel]], [[nephrolithiasis]], [[pyelonephritis]], [[appendicitis]], [[cholelithiasis]], [[large bowel obstruction]], [[small bowel obstruction]], [[pancreatitis]], [[musculoskeletal pain]], [[myocardial infarction]], and [[urinary tract infection]].
 
==Differentiating Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm from other Diseases==
 
* A patient becomes symptomatically after abdominal aortic rupture, so the differentiation is according to the rupture which causes acute abdomen signs and symptoms.
* Non-symptomatic AAA is diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound with no other differentials.
* In a patient with a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm, the following conditions also need to be considered:<ref name="pmid29487638">{{cite journal| author=Kumar D| title=Complicated jejunal diverticulitis with unusual presentation. | journal=Radiol Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 58-64 | pmid=29487638 | doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2017.10.002 | pmc=5826736 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29487638  }}</ref>


==Overview==
**[[Acute cholecystitis]]
An abdominal aortic aneurysm should be differentiated from other causes of [[abdominal pain]] such as [[acute cholecystitis]].
**[[Gastritis]] and [[peptic ulcer disease]]
**[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
**[[Ischemic bowel]]
**[[Diverticulitis]]
**[[Nephrolithiasis]]
**[[Pyelonephritis]]
**[[Appendicitis]]
**[[Cholelithiasis]]
**[[Large bowel obstruction]]
**[[Small bowel obstruction]]
**[[Pancreatitis]]
**[[Musculoskeletal pain]]
**[[Myocardial infarction]]
**[[Urinary tract infection]] in women
 
{| align="center"
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Classification of acute abdomen based
on etiology
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Presentation
! colspan="8" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Clinical findings
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Diagnosis
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Comments
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Fever
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Rigors and Chills
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Abdominal Pain
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Jaundice
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Hypotension
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Guarding
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Rebound Tenderness
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Bowel sounds
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Lab Findings
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Imaging
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="8" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Common causes of
Peritonitis
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
|−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Ascitic fluid [[PMN]]>250 cells/mm<small>³</small>
 
* Culture: Positive for single organism
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound for evaluation of liver cirrhosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Perforated [[Gastric ulcer|gastric]] and [[duodenal ulcer]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Ascitic fluid
**[[LDH]] > serum [[LDH]]
** Glucose < 50mg/dl
** Total protein > 1g/dl
 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Air under [[diaphragm]] in upright [[CXR]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Upper GI [[endoscopy]] for diagnosis
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Acute suppurative cholangitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[RUQ]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Acute cholangitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
|−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | [[RUQ]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
|−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Abnormal [[LFT]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows [[biliary]] dilatation
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Biliary drainage ([[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]]) + IV antibiotics
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Acute Cholecystitis|Acute cholecystitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | [[RUQ]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Hyperbilirubinemia]]
* [[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows gallstone and evidence of inflammation
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Murphy's sign|Murphy’s sign]]
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |  [[Acute pancreatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | [[Epigastric]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[amylase]] / [[lipase]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows evidence of [[inflammation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Pain radiation to back
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Acute appendicitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | RLQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows evidence of [[inflammation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]], [[decreased appetite]]
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Diverticulitis|Acute diverticulitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | LLQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and ultrasound shows evidence of inflammation
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Hollow Viscous Obstruction
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Small intestine obstruction
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Abdominal X-ray|Abdominal X ray]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]] associated with [[constipation]], [[Abdominal distension|abdominal distention]]
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gall stone disease|Gall stone '''disease''']]/'''Cholelithiasis'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Volvulus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and [[Abdominal x-ray|abdominal X ray]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]] associated with [[constipation]], [[Abdominal distension|abdominal distention]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Biliary colic]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |RUQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[bilirubin]] and [[alkaline phosphatase]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Renal colic]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Flank pain]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hematuria]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and ultrasound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Colicky [[abdominal pain]] associated with [[Nausea and vomiting|nausea & vomiting]]
|-
| rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Vascular Disorders
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ischemic causes
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mesenteric ischemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Periumbilical
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]] and [[lactic acidosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]], normal physical examination
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis|Acute ischemic colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hemorrhagic causes
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Unstable hemodynamics
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intra-abdominal or [[retroperitoneal hemorrhage]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Anemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |History of [[trauma]]
|-
| rowspan="5" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Gynaecological Causes
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Fallopian tube
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Salpingitis|Acute salpingitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | LLQ/ RLQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |−
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Pelvic ultrasound]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Vaginal discharge]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ovarian cyst]] complications and endometrial disease
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Torsion of the cyst
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |RLQ / LLQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[ESR]] and [[CRP]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Sudden onset severe pain with [[nausea and vomiting]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Endometriosis
| -
|
|RLQ/LLQ
| -
|
| +/-
| +/-
|N
|Normal
|Laproscopy
|Menstrual-associated symptoms, pelvic
symptoms
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cyst rupture
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |RLQ / LLQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[ESR]] and [[CRP]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Sudden onset severe pain with [[nausea and vomiting]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pregnancy
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ruptured [[ectopic pregnancy]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |RLQ / LLQ
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Positive [[pregnancy test]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |History of missed period and [[vaginal bleeding]]
|-
| rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Functional
| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Irritable Bowel Syndrome
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Diffuse
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
[[Diagnosis|Clinical diagnosis]]
* ROME III/IV criteria
* [[Pharmacological|Pharmacologic]] studies based criteria
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* High [[dietary fiber]]


== Differentiation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm from other Disorders ==
* [[Osmotic]] [[laxatives]]
* Acute [[Cholecystitis]]
* [[Antispasmodic]]<nowiki/>drugs
* Perpforated peptic [[ulcer]]  
|-
* [[Diverticulitis]]
|}
* [[Nephrolithiasis]]


==References==
==References==
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]]


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[[Category:Disease]]
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[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 21:47, 6 January 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Hardik Patel, M.D. Ramyar Ghandriz MD[3]

Overview

An abdominal aortic aneurysm should be differentiated from other causes of abdominal pain such as acute cholecystitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforated peptic ulcer, ischemic bowel, nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, appendicitis, cholelithiasis, large bowel obstruction, small bowel obstruction, pancreatitis, musculoskeletal pain, myocardial infarction, and urinary tract infection.

Differentiating Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm from other Diseases

  • A patient becomes symptomatically after abdominal aortic rupture, so the differentiation is according to the rupture which causes acute abdomen signs and symptoms.
  • Non-symptomatic AAA is diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound with no other differentials.
  • In a patient with a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm, the following conditions also need to be considered:[1]
Classification of acute abdomen based

on etiology

Presentation Clinical findings Diagnosis Comments
Fever Rigors and Chills Abdominal Pain Jaundice Hypotension Guarding Rebound Tenderness Bowel sounds Lab Findings Imaging
Common causes of

Peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis + Diffuse Hypoactive
  • Ascitic fluid PMN>250 cells/mm³
  • Culture: Positive for single organism
Ultrasound for evaluation of liver cirrhosis -
Perforated gastric and duodenal ulcer + Diffuse + + + N
  • Ascitic fluid
    • LDH > serum LDH
    • Glucose < 50mg/dl
    • Total protein > 1g/dl
Air under diaphragm in upright CXR Upper GI endoscopy for diagnosis
Acute suppurative cholangitis + + RUQ + + + + ±
Acute cholangitis + RUQ + N Abnormal LFT Ultrasound shows biliary dilatation Biliary drainage (ERCP) + IV antibiotics
Acute cholecystitis + RUQ + Hypoactive Ultrasound shows gallstone and evidence of inflammation Murphy’s sign
Acute pancreatitis + Epigastric ± N Increased amylase / lipase Ultrasound shows evidence of inflammation Pain radiation to back
Acute appendicitis + RLQ + + Hypoactive Leukocytosis Ultrasound shows evidence of inflammation Nausea & vomiting, decreased appetite
Acute diverticulitis + LLQ ± + Hypoactive Leukocytosis CT scan and ultrasound shows evidence of inflammation
Hollow Viscous Obstruction Small intestine obstruction Diffuse + ± Hyperactive then absent Leukocytosis Abdominal X ray Nausea & vomiting associated with constipation, abdominal distention
Gall stone disease/Cholelithiasis ±
Volvulus - Diffuse - + - Hypoactive Leukocytosis CT scan and abdominal X ray Nausea & vomiting associated with constipation, abdominal distention
Biliary colic - RUQ + - - N Increased bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase Ultrasound Nausea & vomiting
Renal colic - Flank pain - - - N Hematuria CT scan and ultrasound Colicky abdominal pain associated with nausea & vomiting
Vascular Disorders Ischemic causes Mesenteric ischemia ± Periumbilical - - - Hyperactive Leukocytosis and lactic acidosis CT scan Nausea & vomiting, normal physical examination
Acute ischemic colitis ± Diffuse - + + Hyperactive then absent Leukocytosis CT scan Nausea & vomiting
Hemorrhagic causes Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm - Diffuse - - - N Normal CT scan Unstable hemodynamics
Intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage - Diffuse - - - N Anemia CT scan History of trauma
Gynaecological Causes Fallopian tube Acute salpingitis + LLQ/ RLQ ± ± N Leukocytosis Pelvic ultrasound Vaginal discharge
Ovarian cyst complications and endometrial disease Torsion of the cyst - RLQ / LLQ - ± ± N Increased ESR and CRP Ultrasound Sudden onset severe pain with nausea and vomiting
Endometriosis - RLQ/LLQ - +/- +/- N Normal Laproscopy Menstrual-associated symptoms, pelvic

symptoms

Cyst rupture - RLQ / LLQ - +/- +/- N Increased ESR and CRP Ultrasound Sudden onset severe pain with nausea and vomiting
Pregnancy Ruptured ectopic pregnancy - RLQ / LLQ - - - N Positive pregnancy test Ultrasound History of missed period and vaginal bleeding
Functional Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Diffuse - - - - N

Clinical diagnosis

-

References

  1. Kumar D (2018). "Complicated jejunal diverticulitis with unusual presentation". Radiol Case Rep. 13 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2017.10.002. PMC 5826736. PMID 29487638.

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