Knee pain/swelling

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Knee pain/swelling

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


The most common reasons of knee pain can include;

Differential diagnosis of knee pain/swelling

Common causes

Acute knee pain

Chronic knee pain

Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

  • Gait abnormalities
  • Swelling
  • Erythema
  • Deformity
  • Muscle atrophy

Physical Examination

  • Range of motion
  • Palpate area of concern
  • "Milk the joint"
  • McMurray circumduction test
  • Ligament testing

Laboratory Findings

X-Ray

  • Anteroposterior, lateral and merchant (or sunrise) films of both knees
  • Tunnel views of knee
  • Merchant and sunrise of the patella

MRI and CT

  • MRI for confirmation of suspected diagnosis

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Bone scan
  • Joint aspiration

Treatment

  • Conservative therapy is best
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Physical therapy
  • Exercise

Pharmacotherapy

Acute Pharmacotherapies

  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Joint medications
  • Antibiotics

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

  • Surgery necessary for most ACL injuries
  • Meniscal tears may require surgical repair
  • Joint infection requires surgery (emergency)
  • Surgery may be necessary for osteoarthritis, if conservative treatment fails

References

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.

List of contributors:


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