Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Renal cell carcinoma Microchapters

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Overview

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Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Renal cell carcinoma from other Diseases

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Overview

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer arising from the renal tubule. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. Initial treatment is surgery. It is notoriously resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, although some cases respond to immunotherapy. The advent of targeted cancer therapies such as sunitinib has vastly improved the outlook for treatment of RCC.

Classification and pathophysiology

Recent genetic studies have altered the approaches used in classifying renal cell carcinoma. The following system can be used to classify these tumors:[1][2][3]

Other associated genes include TRC8, OGG1, HNF1A, HNF1B, TFE3, RCCP3, and RCC17.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

Renal cell carcinoma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Renal cell carcinoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural history, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

CDC on Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Renal cell carcinoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Overview

Other images of kidney cancer can be seen through simple instruments such as microscopes.

Pathology

Gross examination shows a hypervascular lesion in the renal cortex, which is frequently multilobulated, yellow (because of the lipid accumulation) and calcified.

Light microscopy shows tumor cells forming cords, papillae, tubules or nests, and are atypical, polygonal and large. Because these cells accumulate glycogen and lipids, their cytoplasm appear "clear", lipid-laden, the nuclei remain in the middle of the cells, and the cellular membrane is evident. Some cells may be smaller, with eosinophilic cytoplasm, resembling normal tubular cells. The stroma is reduced, but well vascularized. The tumor grows in large front, compressing the surrounding parenchyma, producing a pseudocapsule.[4]

Secretion of vasoactive substances (e.g. renin) may cause arterial hypertension, and release of erythropoietin may cause polycythemia (increased production of red blood cells).

Renal cell carcinoma: This 8-centimeter carcinoma of the lower pole of the kidney shows extension beyond the cortical surface, but it does not infiltrate the perinephric adipose tissue. Microscopically, it is of the clear cell type.


References

  1. Reuter VE, Presti JC (2000). "Contemporary approach to the classification of renal epithelial tumors". Semin. Oncol. 27 (2): 124–37. PMID 10768592. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Bodmer D, van den Hurk W, van Groningen JJ; et al. (2002). "Understanding familial and non-familial renal cell cancer". Hum. Mol. Genet. 11 (20): 2489–98. PMID 12351585. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. p. 1016. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
  4. http://www.pathologyatlas.ro/Renal%20Clear%20Cell%20Carcinoma.html

References