Patent foramen ovale epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]
Overview
Approximately 1 in every three normal adults have a patent foramen ovale.[1] The incidence decreases with increasing age, but the size increases with age. There is no difference in the incidence associated with gender.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of patent foramen ovale is approximately 25,000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide..[2]
Age
- The incidence of patent foramen ovale varies with age:[3]
- 0-30 years: 34.3%
- 40-80 years: 25.4%
- 90+ years: 20.2%
- PFO size increases with age, from a mean of approximately 3mm in the first decade to approximately 6 mm in the 10th decade of life.[3]
- In patients <55 years with an unexplained cardiovascular event, patent foramen ovale is the most common cardiac finding seen. It is presumed to be caused by a paradoxical emboli.[4]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to patent foramen ovale.
Gender
There is no significant difference in size or incidence associated with gender.
References
- ↑ Meissner I, Whisnant JP, Khandheria BK, Spittell PC, O'Fallon WM, Pascoe RD; et al. (1999). "Prevalence of potential risk factors for stroke assessed by transesophageal echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography: the SPARC study. Stroke Prevention: Assessment of Risk in a Community". Mayo Clin Proc. 74 (9): 862–9. PMID 10488786.
- ↑ Sun YP, Homma S (2016). "Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke". Circ J. 80 (8): 1665–73. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0534. PMID 27334127.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD (1984). "Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts". Mayo Clin Proc. 59 (1): 17–20. PMID 6694427.
- ↑ Pinto FJ (2005). "When and how to diagnose patent foramen ovale". Heart. 91 (4): 438–40. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.052233. PMC 1768819. PMID 15772190.