Nephrotic syndrome classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3] Yazan Daaboul,

Serge Korjian

Overview

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications.

Classification

Etiologic Classification

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.[1]

 
 
 
Nephrotic
syndrome
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Primary
 
 
 
Secondary

Below table lists different types of nephrotic syndromes:[2][3][2]

Different types of nephrotic syndromes Disease name
Podocytopathies Primary Primary minimal change disease
Primary FSGS
Secondary Infection: HIV
Drugs/toxins: NSAIDs, interferon, pamidronate, lithium, vaccins, envenomation
Malignancies: hodgkin lymphoma, thymoma
Genetics: nephrin mutations, podocin
Membranous glomerulonephritis Primary Primary membranous nephropathy
Secondary Drugs, toxins, malignancies
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Secondary
Glomerular deposition diseases
Other lesions
  • Hereditary Nephropathies: are group of disorders that present with both the features of nephrotic and nephritic syndromes. When features of nephritic syndrome are associated with sensorineural deafness, it is called Alport’s syndrome. Other hereditary nephropathies include: IgA Nephropathy, C1q Nephropathy, etc.[4]

References

  1. Kodner C (2009). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Braden GL, Mulhern JG, O'Shea MH, Nash SV, Ucci AA, Germain MJ (May 2000). "Changing incidence of glomerular diseases in adults". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35 (5): 878–83. PMID 10793022.
  3. Heaf J (September 2004). "The Danish Renal Biopsy Register". Kidney Int. 66 (3): 895–7. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00832.x. PMID 15327377.
  4. Ha TS (March 2017). "Genetics of hereditary nephrotic syndrome: a clinical review". Korean J Pediatr. 60 (3): 55–63. doi:10.3345/kjp.2017.60.3.55. PMC 5383633. PMID 28392820.

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