Differentiating Antiphospholipid syndrome from other diseases
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Differentiating Antiphospholipid syndrome from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Antiphospholipid syndrome should be differentiated from conditions such as hemolytic uremic syndrome-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS-TTP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and vasculitis .
Differentiating Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome from other Diseases
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome-Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS-TTP)
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Vasculitis
- Embolic disease
- Cryoglobulinemia
- Calciphylaxis
Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||||||||||||||
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Symptoms | Physical examination | |||||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | ||||||||||||||||
Dyspnea | Fever | Weight loss | Arthralgia | Skin manifestation | Organomegaly | Focal neurological disorder | CBC | ESR | Antibodies | Other | CT scan | Other | ||||||
Antiphospholipid syndrome | + | + | - | - | - | - | +/- | Antiphospholipid antibodies | Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic anemia | - | Lupus anticoagulant (LA) | Stroke, | - | Noninflammatory bland thrombosis without perivascular inflammation | Hx of thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies | Miscarriage, Pulmonary hypertension | ||
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | ||||||||||||||||||
Thrombosis | Thrombophilia | DIC | ||||||||||||||||
ITP | ||||||||||||||||||
HUS | ||||||||||||||||||
HELLP | ||||||||||||||||||
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) | ||||||||||||||||||
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) | ||||||||||||||||||
Myeloproliferative diseases | ||||||||||||||||||
Recurrent pregnancy loss | Uterine abnormality | |||||||||||||||||
Chromosomal abnormality | ||||||||||||||||||
Hypothyroidism |