Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]
Overview
Echocardiography
- Echocardiograms may be helpful in the measurement of ejection fraction and identification of ischemic and hypokinetic areas of the ventricles. This is useful in establishing a diagnosis of congestive cardiac failurebecause of the underlying cause of liver cirrhosis.
- Intravenous microbubbles (> 10 micrometers in diameter) from agitated normal saline that are normally obstructed by pulmonary capillaries (normally <8 to 15 micrometers) rapidly transit the lung and appear in the left atrium of the heart within 7 heart beats.
- Intravenous technetium-99m–labeled albumin may transit the lungs and appear in the kidney and brain.
Ultrasound Findings
- Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma include:[1]
- Small hypoechoic lesion with poorly defined margins and coarse irregular internal echoes.
- When the tumor increases in size it appears as heterogeneous with fibrosis, fatty change, or calcifications.
References
- ↑ Malhi H, Grant EG, Duddalwar V (2014). "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver and kidney". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 52 (6): 1177–90. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.005. PMID 25444099.