Diffuse esophageal spasm pathophysiology
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Diffuse esophageal spasm Microchapters |
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Differentiating Diffuse esophageal spasm from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Diffuse esophageal spasm pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Diffuse esophageal spasm pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Diffuse esophageal spasm pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of DES is not fully understood. However, current high-resolution manometric studies suggest impairment of inhibitory myenteric plexus neurons in DES. These neurons use nitric oxide (NO) as neurotransmitter. Hence, these patients may also have dysregulation of endogenous NO synthesis or/and degradation. The final result is premature and rapidly propagated or simultaneous contraction of smooth muscles of distal esophagus.
Genetics
There are reports of families with achalasia and esophageal spasm which supports the hypothesis that genetic traits may play role in pathogenesis of DES as well as association between the two disorders.[1] However, genetic inheritance is not fully established.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, degeneration of vagal fibres, inflammatory infiltration of myenteric plexus, and hypertrophy of smooth muscles are characteristic findings of DES. Data are limited due to rarity of disease and even less common need of surgery as a treatment.