Diffuse esophageal spasm epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Diffuse esophageal spasm is relatively uncommon disease with incidence of 1 per 100,000 in the USA. DES affects all age groups. There is no racial predilection to DES.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of DES is approximately 1 per 100,000 individuals in USA.[1]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of DES is 400 per 100,000 patients referred for esophageal symptoms; 7 per 100 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, 2-7% among patients with known cardiac diseases.[2][3]
- Large series of patients undergoing esophageal motility testing for related symptoms had prevalence of DES 400-1,000 per 100,000.[4]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- There are no reported cases of mortality due to DES.
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop DES, but limited study results shows more common in age group 60-80 years and the prevalence of disease increases with age.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to DES.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected by DES than male.
References
- ↑ Swett C, Makar AB, McMartin KE, Palese M, Tephly TR, Bals MG, Toma E, Zelikovski A, Abu-Dalu J, Urca I, Anderson TR, Slotkin TA (1975). "Outpatient phenothiazine use and bone marrow depression. A report from the drug epidemiology unit and the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 32 (11): 1416–8. PMID 978.
- ↑ Hewson EG, Dalton CB, Hackshaw BT, Wu WC, Richter JE (1990). "The prevalence of abnormal esophageal test results in patients with cardiovascular disease and unexplained chest pain". Arch Intern Med. 150 (5): 965–9. PMID 2139562.
- ↑ Jaffin BW, Knoepflmacher P, Greenstein R (1999). "High prevalence of asymptomatic esophageal motility disorders among morbidly obese patients". Obes Surg. 9 (4): 390–5. doi:10.1381/096089299765552990. PMID 10484299.
- ↑ Tsuboi K, Mittal SK (2011). "Diffuse esophageal spasm: has the term lost its relevance? Analysis of 217 cases". Dis Esophagus. 24 (5): 354–9. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01146.x. PMID 21143695.