Tuberculosis primary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]

Primary Prevention

BCG Vaccine

• Bacille Calmmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine derived from M. bovis.
• BCG vaccination is recommended for every infant that lives in a highly endemic area of TB or has a high risk of exposure to TB.
• The administration of the vaccine protects against severe types of tuberculosis, such as miliary or meningeal tuberculosis.
• BCG vaccine is not recommended for children with HIV infection, however, children with unknown HIV status and born to HIV positive women, should be vaccinated.
• There is no proven benefit of the vaccine for patients that already have been infected by tuberculosis.

Screening

Further information: [[:Tuberculosis screening]]

• Children with a close contact of TB should be evaluated for tuberculosis infection.
• TST

Prevention for International Travelers

• Travelers should avoid close contact or prolonged time with known TB patients in crowded, enclosed environment.
• Travelers who anticipate possible prolonged exposure to TB, such as medical staff, individuals in prison, or homeless shelter populations should have a tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test before leaving the United States.