Uveitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Worldwide, the prevalence of uveitis ranges from a low of 69 per 100,000 persons to a high of 204 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 115 per 100,000.
Prevalence by Subtype
Several studies have reported prevalence data among a large group of uveitis patients, as follows:
By Anatomy
- 52-90% have anterior uveitis
- 5-21% have posterior uveitis
- 1-16% have panuveitis
- 1-12% have intermediate uveitis
By clinical features
- 58% had chronic uveitis
- 78% had non-granulomatous inflammation
- 83% had a non-infectious etiology
Incidence
Worldwide, the incidence of uveitis ranges from 17 to 52 per 100,000 per year.
Age
The mean age of diagnosis of uveitis is 37 years. The prevalence varies greatly depending on the underlying etiology. The following is an example of age distribution by underlying etiology: Children: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, toxocariasis. Young adults: Behçet's disease, human leukocyte-associated antigen B27-associated uveitis, Fuch's uveitis. Older adults: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, herpes zoster ophthalmicus and, in the developing world, tuberculosis and leprosy.
Gender
Women are more commonly affected with uveitis than men. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1. The prevalence of uveitis among one of the sexes depends on the gender distribution of the underlying disorder.
Race
The prevalence of different etiologies of uveitis vary by race. Caucasians are more affected by HLA-B27 related conditions making HLA-related uveitis highly prevalent in this race group. Alternatively, middle eastern people are more likely affected with Behcet's disease, making them more likely to have uveitis related to this disease. African Americans are more commonly affected by sarcoidosis, thus sarcoid related uveitis is more common in this group.