Sleep apnea causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi M.B,B.S [2]
Overview
Sleep apnea may present as a result of conditions which cause narrowing or complete closure of the respiratory airways (e.g. enlarged adenoids, enlarged tonsils), conditions which affect the central nervous system thus preventing the brain from sending the right signal to the muscles that control respiration (e.g. cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord injury), as Postoperative complication of surgeries, or due to some infections such as polio.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
- Opioid overdose
- Post-polio syndrome
- Postoperative complication
- Spinal cord injury
Common Causes
- Common cold
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Enlarged adenoids
- Enlarged tonsils
- Hypothyroidism
- Obesity
- Opioid overdose
- Postoperative complication
- Sinusitis
- Tonsilitis
Causes by Organ Systems
Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
Ear Nose Throat | Enlarged adenoids, enlarged tonsils, malformations of the nose, malformations of the throat |
Endocrine | Diabetic neuropathy, hypothyroidism |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | Gastroesophageal reflux |
Genetic | Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Joubert syndrome, Marfan syndrome, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Potocki-Lupski syndrome, WAGR syndrome |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | Postoperative complication |
Infectious Disease | Common cold, meningoencephalitis, post-polio syndrome, sinusitis, tonsilitis |
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy |
Neurologic | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Arnold-Chiari malformation, cerebrovascular accident, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic neuropathy, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Joubert syndrome, multiple system atrophy, post-polio syndrome, spinal cord injury |
Nutritional/Metabolic | Hurler syndrome, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Pompe disease |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose/Toxicity | Alcohol intoxication, opioid overdose |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | Obesity hypoventilation syndrome |
Renal/Electrolyte | Chronic kidney disease |
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | Spinal cord injury |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |