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| * [[Myopathy]] | | * [[Myopathy]] |
| * [[Myelitis]] | | * [[Myelitis]] |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Myalgia''' means "[[muscle]] [[Pain and nociception|pain]]" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common cause for myalgia is either overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to [[virus|viral infection]]s. Longer-term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].
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| ==Differential diagnosis of causes of myalgia==
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| The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, [[injury]] or [[Stress (medicine)|stress]]<ref name=MedlinePlus> [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003178.htm MedlinePlus]</ref>. However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, disorders, medications, as a response to vaccination and withdrawal syndromes.
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| ===Overuse===
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| Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon and/or too often. <ref name=MedlinePlus/> Examples are:
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| *[[Repetitive strain injury]].
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| ===Injury===
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| The most common causes of myalgia by [[injury]] are: sprains and strain (injury)<ref name=MedlinePlus/>.
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| ===Diseases/Disorders===
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| ====Infectious====
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| [[Trichinosis]], [[Typhoid fever]], [[Upper respiratory tract infection]], [[Viral pneumonia]], [[Influenza]], [[Common cold]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Dengue]], [[Endemic typhus]], [[HIV]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Legionellosis]], [[Leptospirosis]], [[Lyme disease]], [[Malaria]], [[Marburg virus]], [[Meningitis]], [[Monkeypox]], [[Pharyngitis]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Psittacosis]], [[Q fever]], [[Rabies]], [[Rift Valley fever]], [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS), [[Toxic shock syndrome]], West Nile, [[Chikungunya]]
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| ====Autoimmune====
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| [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Myositis]], [[Lupus erythematosus]], [[Familial Mediterranean fever]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Devic's disease]], [[Morphea]]
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| ====Metabolic defect====
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| [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency]], [[Conn's syndrome]], [[Adrenal insufficiency]]
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| ====Other====
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| [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Exercise intolerance]], [[Mastocytosis]], [[Peripheral neuropathy]], Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, [[Fibromyalgia]], [[Barcoo Fever]], [[Delayed onset muscle soreness]]
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| ===Medications===
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| Aldara, [[Acrylamide]], [[Darbepoetin]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Procainamide]], [[Quinupristin/dalfopristin]], Spiriva, [[Sumatriptan]], [[Vardenafil]], [[Statins]], Zetia, Zomig, Boniva
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| ===As a Response to Vaccination===
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| A moderate occurrence (25-35%) of myalgia in recipients of [[tetanus]] [[vaccination]] is identified in the US; it presents in the large muscle groups and at the subcutaneous injection site. When a patient returns with these symptoms (which include [[fever]], poor [[appetite]] and [[lethargy]]), a clinician who fails to notice the recent tetanus vaccination on the patient's chart is in danger of making a life-threatening misdiagnosis.
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| : An item of note is that in heart patients using selective β<sub>1</sub>-blockers such as [[metoprolol]], incidence of myalgia after tetanus vaccination is significantly higher.
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| ===Withdrawal Syndromes===
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| Sudden cessation of [[opioids]], [[barbiturates]], [[benzodiazepines]], or [[alcohol]] can induce myalgia.
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| ==Myalgia Video==
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| *[http://surgery-videoz.blogspot.com/2007/11/myalgia.html Video on Myalgia]
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| ==Related chapters==
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| ==Resources==
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| * [http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mother/mpain.html NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE CENTER Washington University]
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| {{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}} | | {{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}} |