Knee pain/swelling: Difference between revisions

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* Ligament injuries
* Ligament injuries
* Tendon injuries ([[tendinitis]])
* Tendon injuries ([[tendinitis]])
* Meniscus injuries
* [[Meniscus injuries]]
* Loose body
* Loose body
* Dislocated kneecap
* Dislocated kneecap

Revision as of 14:36, 10 August 2012

Knee pain/swelling

WikiDoc Resources for Knee pain/swelling

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


The most common reasons of knee pain can include;

Differential diagnosis of knee pain/swelling

Common causes

Acute knee pain

Chronic knee pain

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

  • Gait abnormalities
  • Swelling
  • Erythema
  • Deformity
  • Muscle atrophy

Physical Examination

  • Range of motion
  • Palpate area of concern
  • "Milk the joint"
  • McMurray circumduction test
  • Ligament testing

Laboratory Findings

X-Ray

  • Anteroposterior, lateral and merchant (or sunrise) films of both knees
  • Tunnel views of knee
  • Merchant and sunrise of the patella

MRI and CT

  • MRI for confirmation of suspected diagnosis

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Bone scan
  • Joint aspiration

Treatment

  • Conservative therapy is best
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Physical therapy
  • Exercise

Pharmacotherapy

Acute Pharmacotherapies

  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Joint medications
  • Antibiotics

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

  • Surgery necessary for most ACL injuries
  • Meniscal tears may require surgical repair
  • Joint infection requires surgery (emergency)
  • Surgery may be necessary for osteoarthritis, if conservative treatment fails

References


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