Aortic sclerosis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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:*Age ''(twofold increased risk for each 10-year increase in age)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Age ''(twofold increased risk for each 10-year increase in age)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Male gender ''(twofold excess risk)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Male gender ''(twofold excess risk)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Present smoking ''(35% increase in risk)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Present smoking ''(35% increase in risk)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid19608594">{{cite journal |author=Stritzke J, Linsel-Nitschke P, Markus MR, Mayer B, Lieb W, Luchner A, Döring A, Koenig W, Keil U, Hense HW, Schunkert H |title=Association between degenerative aortic valve disease and long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors: results of the longitudinal population-based KORA/MONICA survey |journal=[[European Heart Journal]] |volume=30 |issue=16 |pages=2044–53 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=19608594 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehp287 |url=http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19608594 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*History of [[hypertension]] ''(20% increase in risk)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref> with subsequent [[left ventricular hypertrophy]] <ref name="pmid15619412">{{cite journal |author=Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Bella JN, Gerdts E, Palmieri V, Nieminen MS, Smith G, Ibsen H, Devereux RB |title=Aortic valve sclerosis relates to cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension (a LIFE substudy) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=132–6 |year=2005 |month=January |pmid=15619412 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.080 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(04)01464-X |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref>
:*History of [[hypertension]] ''(20% increase in risk)''<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref> with subsequent [[left ventricular hypertrophy]] <ref name="pmid15619412">{{cite journal |author=Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Bella JN, Gerdts E, Palmieri V, Nieminen MS, Smith G, Ibsen H, Devereux RB |title=Aortic valve sclerosis relates to cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension (a LIFE substudy) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=132–6 |year=2005 |month=January |pmid=15619412 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.080 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(04)01464-X |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref>
:*Height<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Height<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Elevated lipoprotein(a) and elevated [[LDL|low density lipoprotein cholesterol]] levels<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid11602496">{{cite journal |author=Pohle K, Mäffert R, Ropers D, Moshage W, Stilianakis N, Daniel WG, Achenbach S |title=Progression of aortic valve calcification: association with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=104 |issue=16 |pages=1927–32 |year=2001 |month=October |pmid=11602496 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11602496 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid3565291">{{cite journal |author=Aronow WS, Schwartz KS, Koenigsberg M |title=Correlation of serum lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, diabetes mellitus and history of systemic hypertension with presence or absence of calcified or thickened aortic cusps or root in elderly patients |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=998–9 |year=1987 |month=April |pmid=3565291 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002-9149(87)91144-1 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid7484833">{{cite journal |author=Gotoh T, Kuroda T, Yamasawa M, Nishinaga M, Mitsuhashi T, Seino Y, Nagoh N, Kayaba K, Yamada S, Matsuo H |title=Correlation between lipoprotein(a) and aortic valve sclerosis assessed by echocardiography (the JMS Cardiac Echo and Cohort Study) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=76 |issue=12 |pages=928–32 |year=1995 |month=November |pmid=7484833 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000291499980263X |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*Elevated lipoprotein(a) and elevated [[LDL|low density lipoprotein cholesterol]] levels<ref name="pmid9060903">{{cite journal |author=Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM |title=Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=630–4 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9060903 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109796005633 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid20185020">{{cite journal |author=Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=701–8 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20185020 |pmc=2829478 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(09)02766-0 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid11602496">{{cite journal |author=Pohle K, Mäffert R, Ropers D, Moshage W, Stilianakis N, Daniel WG, Achenbach S |title=Progression of aortic valve calcification: association with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=104 |issue=16 |pages=1927–32 |year=2001 |month=October |pmid=11602496 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11602496 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid3565291">{{cite journal |author=Aronow WS, Schwartz KS, Koenigsberg M |title=Correlation of serum lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, diabetes mellitus and history of systemic hypertension with presence or absence of calcified or thickened aortic cusps or root in elderly patients |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=998–9 |year=1987 |month=April |pmid=3565291 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002-9149(87)91144-1 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid7484833">{{cite journal |author=Gotoh T, Kuroda T, Yamasawa M, Nishinaga M, Mitsuhashi T, Seino Y, Nagoh N, Kayaba K, Yamada S, Matsuo H |title=Correlation between lipoprotein(a) and aortic valve sclerosis assessed by echocardiography (the JMS Cardiac Echo and Cohort Study) |journal=[[The American Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=76 |issue=12 |pages=928–32 |year=1995 |month=November |pmid=7484833 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000291499980263X |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid19608594">{{cite journal |author=Stritzke J, Linsel-Nitschke P, Markus MR, Mayer B, Lieb W, Luchner A, Döring A, Koenig W, Keil U, Hense HW, Schunkert H |title=Association between degenerative aortic valve disease and long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors: results of the longitudinal population-based KORA/MONICA survey |journal=[[European Heart Journal]] |volume=30 |issue=16 |pages=2044–53 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=19608594 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehp287 |url=http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19608594 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*[[ESRD|End-stage renal disease]] on [[Dialysis|maintenance dialysis]].<ref name="pmid1554541">{{cite journal |author=Straumann E, Meyer B, Misteli M, Blumberg A, Jenzer HR |title=Aortic and mitral valve disease in patients with end stage renal failure on long-term haemodialysis |journal=[[British Heart Journal]] |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=236–9 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1554541 |pmc=1024798 |doi= |url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1554541 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid7817230">{{cite journal |author=Stinebaugh J, Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Cassidy MM, Figueroa JE |title=Doppler echocardiographic assessment of valvular heart disease in patients requiring hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease |journal=[[Southern Medical Journal]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=65–71 |year=1995 |month=January |pmid=7817230 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=88&issue=1&spage=65 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref>
:*[[ESRD|End-stage renal disease]] on [[Dialysis|maintenance dialysis]].<ref name="pmid1554541">{{cite journal |author=Straumann E, Meyer B, Misteli M, Blumberg A, Jenzer HR |title=Aortic and mitral valve disease in patients with end stage renal failure on long-term haemodialysis |journal=[[British Heart Journal]] |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=236–9 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1554541 |pmc=1024798 |doi= |url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1554541 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref><ref name="pmid7817230">{{cite journal |author=Stinebaugh J, Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Cassidy MM, Figueroa JE |title=Doppler echocardiographic assessment of valvular heart disease in patients requiring hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease |journal=[[Southern Medical Journal]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=65–71 |year=1995 |month=January |pmid=7817230 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=88&issue=1&spage=65 |accessdate=2012-04-10}}</ref>
:*[[Metabolic syndrome]] and [[diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="pmid16636166">{{cite journal |author=Katz R, Wong ND, Kronmal R, Takasu J, Shavelle DM, Probstfield JL, Bertoni AG, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Features of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus as predictors of aortic valve calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=113 |issue=17 |pages=2113–9 |year=2006 |month=May |pmid=16636166 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.598086 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16636166 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>
:*[[Metabolic syndrome]] and [[diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="pmid16636166">{{cite journal |author=Katz R, Wong ND, Kronmal R, Takasu J, Shavelle DM, Probstfield JL, Bertoni AG, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD |title=Features of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus as predictors of aortic valve calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=113 |issue=17 |pages=2113–9 |year=2006 |month=May |pmid=16636166 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.598086 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16636166 |accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:07, 11 April 2012

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Aortic sclerosis is non-obstructive degeneration of the aortic valve that presents predominantly in patients over 65 years of age who have risk factors for coronary artery disease. Because aortic sclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease risk factors, it is also associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction even in the absence of hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. However, it remains unclear whether aortic sclerosis is independently associated with risk or merely a marker of coexistent cardiovascular risk factors.[1]

Risk Factors for Aortic Sclerosis

  • Independent clinical factors that is associated with increased incidence of aortic sclerosis include:

Aortic Sclerosis as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease

  • The Heart and Soul study evaluated 814 outpatients with established coronary heart disease and no evidence of aortic stenosis, to examine the association of aortic sclerosis with subsequent cardiovascular events. At baseline, 40% of the enrolled subjects had aortic sclerosis. During 4-year follow-up, a significant number of patients with aortic sclerosis experienced myocardial infarction in comparison to patients without aortic sclerosis: 10% versus 5% (HR 1.8; 95%CI,1.1-3.1; P=0.02). Additionally, the association between aortic sclerosis and MI appeared to differ by statin use (P=0.15 for interaction). Thus, the study concluded aortic sclerosis was independently associated with a 2.4-fold increased rate of subsequent MI. Furthermore, administration of statins attenuated the risk of future MI in patients with aortic sclerosis.[16]

References

  1. Gharacholou SM, Karon BL, Shub C, Pellikka PA (2011). "Aortic valve sclerosis and clinical outcomes: moving toward a definition". The American Journal of Medicine. 124 (2): 103–10. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.10.012. PMID 21295189. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM (1997). "Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 29 (3): 630–4. PMID 9060903. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Owens DS, Katz R, Takasu J, Kronmal R, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD (2010). "Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 105 (5): 701–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071. PMC 2829478. PMID 20185020. Retrieved 2012-04-11. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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