Clinical prediction rule: Difference between revisions

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====Acute MI / Unstable Angina====
====Acute MI / Unstable Angina====
'''For the main page on acute coronary syndromes, click [[Acute coronary syndromes|here]]'''
'''For the main page on acute coronary syndromes, click [[Acute coronary syndromes|here]]'''
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
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! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
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|-
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|[[TIMI risk score#TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina|TIMI risk score]]
|[[TIMI risk score#TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina|TIMI risk score]]
| 2000
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2000
|style="text-align:center"|[[Unstable Angina]]
|style="text-align:center"|[[Unstable Angina]]
|-
|-
| [[TIMI risk score#TIMI Risk Score for STEMI|TIMI risk score]]  
| [[TIMI risk score#TIMI Risk Score for STEMI|TIMI risk score]]  
| 2000
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2000
|style="text-align:center"|[[STEMI]]
|style="text-align:center"|[[STEMI]]
|-
|-
| Morrow et al (TIME II substudy) <ref name="pmid11716882">{{cite journal |author=Morrow DA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Cairns R, Charlesworth A, Murphy SA, de Lemos JA, McCabe CH, Braunwald E |title=A simple risk index for rapid initial triage of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an InTIME II substudy |journal=Lancet |volume=358 |issue=9293 |pages=1571–5 |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=11716882 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06649-1 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(01)06649-1 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Morrow et al (TIME II substudy) <ref name="pmid11716882">{{cite journal |author=Morrow DA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Cairns R, Charlesworth A, Murphy SA, de Lemos JA, McCabe CH, Braunwald E |title=A simple risk index for rapid initial triage of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an InTIME II substudy |journal=Lancet |volume=358 |issue=9293 |pages=1571–5 |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=11716882 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06649-1 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(01)06649-1 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"|Predicting mortality in STEMI
| style="text-align:center"|Predicting mortality in STEMI
|-
|-
| Silver et al <ref name="pmid7944052">{{cite journal |author=Silver MT, Rose GA, Paul SD, O'Donnell CJ, O'Gara PT, Eagle KA |title=A clinical rule to predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after myocardial infarction |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=121 |issue=10 |pages=750–6 |year=1994 |month=November |pmid=7944052 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Silver et al <ref name="pmid7944052">{{cite journal |author=Silver MT, Rose GA, Paul SD, O'Donnell CJ, O'Gara PT, Eagle KA |title=A clinical rule to predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after myocardial infarction |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=121 |issue=10 |pages=750–6 |year=1994 |month=November |pmid=7944052 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 1994
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1994
| style="text-align:center"|To predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after [[myocardial infarction|MI]]
| style="text-align:center"|To predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after [[myocardial infarction|MI]]
|-
|-
| [[The GRACE risk score]]
| [[The GRACE risk score]]
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
| style="text-align:center"| For risk of death in [[NSTEMI]]
| style="text-align:center"| For risk of death in [[NSTEMI]]
|-
|-
| ACI-TIPI risk score <ref name="pmid2072767">{{cite journal |author=Selker HP, Griffith JL, D'Agostino RB |title=A tool for judging coronary care unit admission appropriateness, valid for both real-time and retrospective use. A time-insensitive predictive instrument (TIPI) for acute cardiac ischemia: a multicenter study |journal=Med Care |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=610–27 |year=1991 |month=July |pmid=2072767 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| ACI-TIPI risk score <ref name="pmid2072767">{{cite journal |author=Selker HP, Griffith JL, D'Agostino RB |title=A tool for judging coronary care unit admission appropriateness, valid for both real-time and retrospective use. A time-insensitive predictive instrument (TIPI) for acute cardiac ischemia: a multicenter study |journal=Med Care |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=610–27 |year=1991 |month=July |pmid=2072767 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 1991
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1991
| To assess the likelihood of patients having acute cardiac ischemia and thus the appropriateness of admitting them to the coronary care unit (CCU).
| To assess the likelihood of patients having acute cardiac ischemia and thus the appropriateness of admitting them to the coronary care unit (CCU).
|-
|-
| Goldman algorithm <ref name="pmid3280998">{{cite journal |author=Goldman L, Cook EF, Brand DA, Lee TH, Rouan GW, Weisberg MC, Acampora D, Stasiulewicz C, Walshon J, Terranova G |title=A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency department patients with chest pain |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=318 |issue=13 |pages=797–803 |year=1988 |month=March |pmid=3280998 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198803313181301 |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM198803313181301?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Goldman algorithm <ref name="pmid3280998">{{cite journal |author=Goldman L, Cook EF, Brand DA, Lee TH, Rouan GW, Weisberg MC, Acampora D, Stasiulewicz C, Walshon J, Terranova G |title=A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency department patients with chest pain |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=318 |issue=13 |pages=797–803 |year=1988 |month=March |pmid=3280998 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198803313181301 |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM198803313181301?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 1988
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1988
| style="text-align:center"|To predict the likelihood that a patient has a [[myocardial infarction]].
| style="text-align:center"|To predict the likelihood that a patient has a [[myocardial infarction]].
|-
|-
| Hathaway et al <ref name="pmid9459474">{{cite journal |author=Hathaway WR, Peterson ED, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Zabel KM, Pieper KS, Clark KA, Woodlief LH, Califf RM |title=Prognostic significance of the initial electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-I Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries |journal=JAMA |volume=279 |issue=5 |pages=387–91 |year=1998 |month=February |pmid=9459474 |doi= |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9459474 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Hathaway et al <ref name="pmid9459474">{{cite journal |author=Hathaway WR, Peterson ED, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Zabel KM, Pieper KS, Clark KA, Woodlief LH, Califf RM |title=Prognostic significance of the initial electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-I Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries |journal=JAMA |volume=279 |issue=5 |pages=387–91 |year=1998 |month=February |pmid=9459474 |doi= |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9459474 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 1998
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1998
| style="text-align:center"| Prognosis based on initial ECG
| style="text-align:center"| Prognosis based on initial ECG
|-
|-
| Selker et al <ref name="pmid1745078">{{cite journal |author=Selker HP, Griffith JL, D'Agostino RB |title=A time-insensitive predictive instrument for acute myocardial infarction mortality: a multicenter study |journal=Med Care |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=1196–211 |year=1991 |month=December |pmid=1745078 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Selker et al <ref name="pmid1745078">{{cite journal |author=Selker HP, Griffith JL, D'Agostino RB |title=A time-insensitive predictive instrument for acute myocardial infarction mortality: a multicenter study |journal=Med Care |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=1196–211 |year=1991 |month=December |pmid=1745078 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 1991
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1991
| style="text-align:center"|Risk of death in AMI
| style="text-align:center"|Risk of death in AMI
|-
|-
| Piombo et al <ref name="pmid12930562">{{cite journal |author=Piombo AC, Gagliardi JA, Guetta J, Fuselli J, Salzberg S, Fairman E, Bertolasi C |title=A new scoring system to stratify risk in unstable angina |journal=BMC Cardiovasc Disord |volume=3 |issue= |pages=8 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12930562 |pmc=194644 |doi=10.1186/1471-2261-3-8 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/3/8 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Piombo et al <ref name="pmid12930562">{{cite journal |author=Piombo AC, Gagliardi JA, Guetta J, Fuselli J, Salzberg S, Fairman E, Bertolasi C |title=A new scoring system to stratify risk in unstable angina |journal=BMC Cardiovasc Disord |volume=3 |issue= |pages=8 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12930562 |pmc=194644 |doi=10.1186/1471-2261-3-8 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/3/8 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
|style="text-align:center"|To stratify risk in unstable angina.
|style="text-align:center"|To stratify risk in unstable angina.
|-
|-
| Solomon et al <ref name="pmid11583866">{{cite journal |author=Solomon DH, Stone PH, Glynn RJ, Ganz DA, Gibson CM, Tracy R, Avorn J |title=Use of risk stratification to identify patients with unstable angina likeliest to benefit from an invasive versus conservative management strategy |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=969–76 |year=2001 |month=October |pmid=11583866 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(01)01503-0 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Solomon et al <ref name="pmid11583866">{{cite journal |author=Solomon DH, Stone PH, Glynn RJ, Ganz DA, Gibson CM, Tracy R, Avorn J |title=Use of risk stratification to identify patients with unstable angina likeliest to benefit from an invasive versus conservative management strategy |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=969–76 |year=2001 |month=October |pmid=11583866 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(01)01503-0 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"|To identify which patients benefit from immediate coronary angiography and revascularization.
| style="text-align:center"|To identify which patients benefit from immediate coronary angiography and revascularization.
|-
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| Sabatine et al <ref name="pmid11524055">{{cite journal |author=Sabatine MS, Januzzi JL, Snapinn S, Théroux P, Jang IK |title=A risk score system for predicting adverse outcomes and magnitude of benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=488–92 |year=2001 |month=September |pmid=11524055 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(01)01724-6 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Sabatine et al <ref name="pmid11524055">{{cite journal |author=Sabatine MS, Januzzi JL, Snapinn S, Théroux P, Jang IK |title=A risk score system for predicting adverse outcomes and magnitude of benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=488–92 |year=2001 |month=September |pmid=11524055 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(01)01724-6 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"|Benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
| style="text-align:center"|Benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
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====Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation====
====Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation====
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
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! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
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| [[HAS-BLED score|HAS-BLED]]
| [[HAS-BLED score|HAS-BLED]]
| 2010
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2010
| style="text-align:center"|Bleeding risk stratification score for those on oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation.
| style="text-align:center"|Bleeding risk stratification score for those on oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation.
|-
|-
| ABCD 2 <ref name="pmid20185786">{{cite journal| author=Giles MF, Rothwell PM| title=Systematic review and pooled analysis of published and unpublished validations of the ABCD and ABCD2 transient ischemic attack risk scores. | journal=Stroke | year= 2010 | volume= 41 | issue= 4 | pages= 667-73 | pmid=20185786 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.571174 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20185786  }} </ref>
| ABCD 2 <ref name="pmid20185786">{{cite journal| author=Giles MF, Rothwell PM| title=Systematic review and pooled analysis of published and unpublished validations of the ABCD and ABCD2 transient ischemic attack risk scores. | journal=Stroke | year= 2010 | volume= 41 | issue= 4 | pages= 667-73 | pmid=20185786 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.571174 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20185786  }} </ref>
| 2010
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2010
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke risk with TIA  
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke risk with TIA  
|-
|-
| [[CHA2DS2-VASc Score]]
| [[CHA2DS2-VASc Score]]
| 2009
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2009
| style="text-align:center"| To predict clinical risk of stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation.
| style="text-align:center"| To predict clinical risk of stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation.
|-
|-
| Schnabel et al <ref name="pmid19249635">{{cite journal |author=Schnabel RB, Sullivan LM, Levy D, Pencina MJ, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB, Newton-Cheh C, Yamamoto JF, Magnani JW, Tadros TM, Kannel WB, Wang TJ, Ellinor PT, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ |title=Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): a community-based cohort study |journal=Lancet |volume=373 |issue=9665 |pages=739–45 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=19249635 |pmc=2764235|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60443-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(09)60443-8|accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/atrial.html#]</sup>
| Schnabel et al <ref name="pmid19249635">{{cite journal |author=Schnabel RB, Sullivan LM, Levy D, Pencina MJ, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB, Newton-Cheh C, Yamamoto JF, Magnani JW, Tadros TM, Kannel WB, Wang TJ, Ellinor PT, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ |title=Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): a community-based cohort study |journal=Lancet |volume=373 |issue=9665 |pages=739–45 |year=2009 |month=February |pmid=19249635 |pmc=2764235|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60443-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(09)60443-8|accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/atrial.html#]</sup>
| 2009
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2009
| style="text-align:center"|10 years risk of [[Atrial fibrillation]]  
| style="text-align:center"|10 years risk of [[Atrial fibrillation]]  
|-
|-
| [[HEMORR2HAGES]] <ref name="pmid16504638">{{cite journal |author=Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, Waterman AD, Culverhouse R, Rich MW, Radford MJ |title=Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF) |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=151 |issue=3 |pages=713–9 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16504638 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.017 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-8703(05)00436-9 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| [[HEMORR2HAGES]] <ref name="pmid16504638">{{cite journal |author=Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, Waterman AD, Culverhouse R, Rich MW, Radford MJ |title=Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF) |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=151 |issue=3 |pages=713–9 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16504638 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.017 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-8703(05)00436-9 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| 2006
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2006
| style="text-align:center"|Bleeding Risk Score
| style="text-align:center"|Bleeding Risk Score
|-
|-
| ABCD <ref name="pmid15993230">{{cite journal| author=Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, Lovelock CE, Redgrave JN, Warlow CP et al.| title=A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. | journal=Lancet | year= 2005 | volume= 366 | issue= 9479 | pages= 29-36 | pmid=15993230 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66702-5 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15993230  }}  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16437809 Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2006 Jan;9(1):26]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16388573 Review in: ACP J Club. 2006 Jan-Feb;144(1):24]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17213069 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2006 Feb;11(1):27] </ref>
| ABCD <ref name="pmid15993230">{{cite journal| author=Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, Lovelock CE, Redgrave JN, Warlow CP et al.| title=A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. | journal=Lancet | year= 2005 | volume= 366 | issue= 9479 | pages= 29-36 | pmid=15993230 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66702-5 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15993230  }}  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16437809 Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2006 Jan;9(1):26]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16388573 Review in: ACP J Club. 2006 Jan-Feb;144(1):24]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17213069 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2006 Feb;11(1):27] </ref>
| 2005
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2005
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke risk after TIA
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke risk after TIA
|-
|-
| van Walraven et al <ref name="pmid12719203">{{cite journal| author=van Walraven C, Hart RG, Wells GA, Petersen P, Koudstaal PJ, Gullov AL et al.| title=A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2003 | volume= 163 | issue= 8 | pages= 936-43 | pmid=12719203 | doi=10.1001/archinte.163.8.936 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12719203  }}  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14711296 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Jan-Feb;140(1):25] </ref>
| van Walraven et al <ref name="pmid12719203">{{cite journal| author=van Walraven C, Hart RG, Wells GA, Petersen P, Koudstaal PJ, Gullov AL et al.| title=A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2003 | volume= 163 | issue= 8 | pages= 936-43 | pmid=12719203 | doi=10.1001/archinte.163.8.936 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12719203  }}  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14711296 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Jan-Feb;140(1):25] </ref>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke risk - atrial fib  
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke risk - atrial fib  
|-
|-
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid12881825">{{cite journal| author=Wang Y, Lim LL, Heller RF, Fisher J, Levi CR| title=A prediction model of 1-year mortality for acute ischemic stroke patients. | journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil | year= 2003 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 1006-11 | pmid=12881825 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12881825  }} </ref>
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid12881825">{{cite journal| author=Wang Y, Lim LL, Heller RF, Fisher J, Levi CR| title=A prediction model of 1-year mortality for acute ischemic stroke patients. | journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil | year= 2003 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 1006-11 | pmid=12881825 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12881825  }} </ref>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
| style="text-align:center"|To predict 1 year stroke mortality
| style="text-align:center"|To predict 1 year stroke mortality
|-
|-
| Counsel et al <ref name="pmid12511763">{{cite journal| author=Counsel C, Dennis MS, Lewis S, Warlow C, FOOD Trial Collaboration. Feed Or Ordinary Diet| title=Performance of a statistical model to predict stroke outcome in the context of a large, simple, randomized, controlled trial of feeding. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-33 | pmid=12511763 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
| Counsel et al <ref name="pmid12511763">{{cite journal| author=Counsel C, Dennis MS, Lewis S, Warlow C, FOOD Trial Collaboration. Feed Or Ordinary Diet| title=Performance of a statistical model to predict stroke outcome in the context of a large, simple, randomized, controlled trial of feeding. | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-33 | pmid=12511763 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
| style="text-align:center"|Acute stroke prognosis (6 variable score)
| style="text-align:center"|Acute stroke prognosis (6 variable score)
|-
|-
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid12941677">{{cite journal |author=Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ |title=A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study |journal=JAMA |volume=290 |issue=8 |pages=1049–56 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12941677 |doi=10.1001/jama.290.8.1049 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12941677 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/strokeatrial.html] </sup>
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid12941677">{{cite journal |author=Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ |title=A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study |journal=JAMA |volume=290 |issue=8 |pages=1049–56 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12941677 |doi=10.1001/jama.290.8.1049 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12941677 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/strokeatrial.html] </sup>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
| style="text-align:center"| Stroke after Atrial fibrillation
| style="text-align:center"| Stroke after Atrial fibrillation
|-
|-
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid12941677">{{cite journal |author=Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ |title=A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study |journal=JAMA |volume=290 |issue=8 |pages=1049–56 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12941677 |doi=10.1001/jama.290.8.1049 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12941677 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/death.html] </sup>
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid12941677">{{cite journal |author=Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ |title=A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study |journal=JAMA |volume=290 |issue=8 |pages=1049–56 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12941677 |doi=10.1001/jama.290.8.1049 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12941677 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/death.html] </sup>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
| style="text-align:center"| Stroke or death after Atrial fibrillation.
| style="text-align:center"| Stroke or death after Atrial fibrillation.
|-
|-
| Efstathiou et al <ref name="pmid12190887">{{cite journal| author=Efstathiou SP, Tsioulos DI, Zacharos ID, Tsiakou AG, Mitromaras AG, Mastorantonakis SE et al.| title=A new classification tool for clinical differentiation between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 2002 | volume= 252 | issue= 2 | pages= 121-9 | pmid=12190887 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12190887  }} </ref>
| Efstathiou et al <ref name="pmid12190887">{{cite journal| author=Efstathiou SP, Tsioulos DI, Zacharos ID, Tsiakou AG, Mitromaras AG, Mastorantonakis SE et al.| title=A new classification tool for clinical differentiation between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 2002 | volume= 252 | issue= 2 | pages= 121-9 | pmid=12190887 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12190887  }} </ref>
| 2002
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2002
| style="text-align:center"|To differentiate Ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke
| style="text-align:center"|To differentiate Ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke
|-
|-
| Lumley et al <ref name="pmid11809350">{{cite journal| author=Lumley T, Kronmal RA, Cushman M, Manolio TA, Goldstein S| title=A stroke prediction score in the elderly: validation and Web-based application. | journal=J Clin Epidemiol | year= 2002 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 129-36 | pmid=11809350 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11809350  }} </ref>
| Lumley et al <ref name="pmid11809350">{{cite journal| author=Lumley T, Kronmal RA, Cushman M, Manolio TA, Goldstein S| title=A stroke prediction score in the elderly: validation and Web-based application. | journal=J Clin Epidemiol | year= 2002 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 129-36 | pmid=11809350 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11809350  }} </ref>
| 2002
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2002
| style="text-align:center"| To predict stroke in elderly.
| style="text-align:center"| To predict stroke in elderly.
|-
|-
|[[CHADS2]]  
|[[CHADS2]]  
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
|style="text-align:center"|Risk of stroke with [[Atrial fibrillation|AFIB]]
|style="text-align:center"|Risk of stroke with [[Atrial fibrillation|AFIB]]
|-
|-
| Baird et al <ref name="pmid11445104">{{cite journal| author=Baird AE, Dambrosia J, Janket S, Eichbaum Q, Chaves C, Silver B et al.| title=A three-item scale for the early prediction of stroke recovery. | journal=Lancet | year= 2001 | volume= 357 | issue= 9274 | pages= 2095-9 | pmid=11445104 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11445104  }} </ref>
| Baird et al <ref name="pmid11445104">{{cite journal| author=Baird AE, Dambrosia J, Janket S, Eichbaum Q, Chaves C, Silver B et al.| title=A three-item scale for the early prediction of stroke recovery. | journal=Lancet | year= 2001 | volume= 357 | issue= 9274 | pages= 2095-9 | pmid=11445104 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11445104  }} </ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"|To predict stroke recovery.  
| style="text-align:center"|To predict stroke recovery.  
|-
|-
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid11470384">{{cite journal| author=Wang Y, Lim LL, Levi C, Heller RF, Fischer J| title=A prognostic index for 30-day mortality after stroke. | journal=J Clin Epidemiol | year= 2001 | volume= 54 | issue= 8 | pages= 766-73 | pmid=11470384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11470384  }} </ref>
| Wang et al <ref name="pmid11470384">{{cite journal| author=Wang Y, Lim LL, Levi C, Heller RF, Fischer J| title=A prognostic index for 30-day mortality after stroke. | journal=J Clin Epidemiol | year= 2001 | volume= 54 | issue= 8 | pages= 766-73 | pmid=11470384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11470384  }} </ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"|To predict 30 days stroke mortality
| style="text-align:center"|To predict 30 days stroke mortality
|-
|-
| [[NIH Stroke Scale]] <ref name="pmid10408548">{{cite journal| author=Adams HP, Davis PH, Leira EC, Chang KC, Bendixen BH, Clarke WR et al.| title=Baseline NIH Stroke Scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke: A report of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). | journal=Neurology | year= 1999 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-31 | pmid=10408548 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
| [[NIH Stroke Scale]] <ref name="pmid10408548">{{cite journal| author=Adams HP, Davis PH, Leira EC, Chang KC, Bendixen BH, Clarke WR et al.| title=Baseline NIH Stroke Scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke: A report of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). | journal=Neurology | year= 1999 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 126-31 | pmid=10408548 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
| 1999
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1999
| style="text-align:center"| To predicts the likelihood of a patient's recovery after stroke.
| style="text-align:center"| To predicts the likelihood of a patient's recovery after stroke.
|-
|-
| [[Cincinnati stroke scale]] <ref name="pmid10092713">{{cite journal| author=Kothari RU, Pancioli A, Liu T, Brott T, Broderick J| title=Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale: reproducibility and validity. | journal=Ann Emerg Med | year= 1999 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 373-8 | pmid=10092713 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10092713  }} </ref>
| [[Cincinnati stroke scale]] <ref name="pmid10092713">{{cite journal| author=Kothari RU, Pancioli A, Liu T, Brott T, Broderick J| title=Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale: reproducibility and validity. | journal=Ann Emerg Med | year= 1999 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 373-8 | pmid=10092713 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10092713  }} </ref>
| 1999
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1999
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke diagnosis
| style="text-align:center"|Stroke diagnosis
|-
|-


| D'Agostino et al <ref name="pmid8266381">{{cite journal |author=D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB |title=Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study |journal=Stroke |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=40–3 |year=1994 |month=January |pmid=8266381 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/stroke.html] </sup>
| D'Agostino et al <ref name="pmid8266381">{{cite journal |author=D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB |title=Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study |journal=Stroke |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=40–3 |year=1994 |month=January |pmid=8266381 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/stroke.html] </sup>
| 1994
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1994
| style="text-align:center"| Risk of stroke
| style="text-align:center"| Risk of stroke
|-
|-
Line 170: Line 169:


====Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism====
====Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism====
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 183: Line 182:


====Hypertension, Lipid and Screening====
====Hypertension, Lipid and Screening====
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 190: Line 189:
|-
|-
| Parikh et al <ref name="pmid18195335">{{cite journal |author=Parikh NI, Pencina MJ, Wang TJ, Benjamin EJ, Lanier KJ, Levy D, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, Vasan RS |title=A risk score for predicting near-term incidence of hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=148 |issue=2 |pages=102–10 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18195335 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/hypertension.html#] </sup>
| Parikh et al <ref name="pmid18195335">{{cite journal |author=Parikh NI, Pencina MJ, Wang TJ, Benjamin EJ, Lanier KJ, Levy D, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, Vasan RS |title=A risk score for predicting near-term incidence of hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=148 |issue=2 |pages=102–10 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18195335 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/hypertension.html#] </sup>
| 2008
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2008
| style="text-align:center"| [[Hypertension]] Risk Score
| style="text-align:center"| [[Hypertension]] Risk Score
|-
|-
| NCEP ATP III <ref name="pmid11368702">{{cite journal |author= |title=Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) |journal=JAMA |volume=285 |issue=19 |pages=2486–97 |year=2001 |month=May |pmid=11368702 |doi= |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11368702 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| NCEP ATP III <ref name="pmid11368702">{{cite journal |author= |title=Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) |journal=JAMA |volume=285 |issue=19 |pages=2486–97 |year=2001 |month=May |pmid=11368702 |doi= |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11368702 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"| Screening: lipid guideline
| style="text-align:center"| Screening: lipid guideline
|-
|-
| Krijnen et al <ref name="pmid9841602">{{cite journal |author=Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Steyerberg EW, Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA, Habbema JD |title=A clinical prediction rule for renal artery stenosis |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=129 |issue=9 |pages=705–11 |year=1998 |month=November |pmid=9841602 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| Krijnen et al <ref name="pmid9841602">{{cite journal |author=Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Steyerberg EW, Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA, Habbema JD |title=A clinical prediction rule for renal artery stenosis |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=129 |issue=9 |pages=705–11 |year=1998 |month=November |pmid=9841602 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| 1998
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1998
| style="text-align:center"| To predict renal artery stenosis.
| style="text-align:center"| To predict renal artery stenosis.
|-
|-
| Murabito et al <ref name="pmid9236415">{{cite journal |author=Murabito JM, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Wilson WF |title=Intermittent claudication. A risk profile from The Framingham Heart Study |journal=Circulation |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=44–9 |year=1997 |month=July |pmid=9236415 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9236415 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/interm.html] </sup>
| Murabito et al <ref name="pmid9236415">{{cite journal |author=Murabito JM, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Wilson WF |title=Intermittent claudication. A risk profile from The Framingham Heart Study |journal=Circulation |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=44–9 |year=1997 |month=July |pmid=9236415 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9236415 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/interm.html] </sup>
| 1997
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1997
| style="text-align:center"|[[Intermittent claudication]]
| style="text-align:center"|[[Intermittent claudication]]
|-
|-
Line 208: Line 207:


====Chest Pain and CAD====
====Chest Pain and CAD====
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 215: Line 214:
|-
|-
| Panic Screening Score <ref name="pmid21352398">{{cite journal |author=Foldes-Busque G, Fleet R, Poitras J, Chauny JM, Belleville G, Denis I, Diodati JG, Pelland MÈ, Lessard MJ, Marchand A |title=Preliminary investigation of the Panic Screening Score for emergency department patients with unexplained chest pain |journal=Acad Emerg Med |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=322–5 |year=2011 |month=March |pmid=21352398 |doi=10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01009.x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01009.x |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Panic Screening Score <ref name="pmid21352398">{{cite journal |author=Foldes-Busque G, Fleet R, Poitras J, Chauny JM, Belleville G, Denis I, Diodati JG, Pelland MÈ, Lessard MJ, Marchand A |title=Preliminary investigation of the Panic Screening Score for emergency department patients with unexplained chest pain |journal=Acad Emerg Med |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=322–5 |year=2011 |month=March |pmid=21352398 |doi=10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01009.x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01009.x |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2011
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2011
| style="text-align:center"|Screening score to improve recognition of panic-like anxiety in emergency department (ED) patients with unexplained chest pain.
| style="text-align:center"|Screening score to improve recognition of panic-like anxiety in emergency department (ED) patients with unexplained chest pain.
|-
|-
| Pencina et al <ref name="pmid19506114">{{cite journal |author=Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Massaro JM, Vasan RS |title=Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the framingham heart study |journal=Circulation|volume=119 |issue=24 |pages=3078–84 |year=2009 |month=June |pmid=19506114 |pmc=2748236 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816694|url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19506114 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/cardiovascular30.html] </sup>
| Pencina et al <ref name="pmid19506114">{{cite journal |author=Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Massaro JM, Vasan RS |title=Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the framingham heart study |journal=Circulation|volume=119 |issue=24 |pages=3078–84 |year=2009 |month=June |pmid=19506114 |pmc=2748236 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816694|url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19506114 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/cardiovascular30.html] </sup>
| 2009
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2009
| style="text-align:center"|30-year risk of [[cardiovascular disease]].
| style="text-align:center"|30-year risk of [[cardiovascular disease]].
|-
|-
| North American Chest Pain Rule  <ref name="pmid18254973">{{cite journal |author=Hess EP, Wells GA, Jaffe A, Stiell IG |title=A study to derive a clinical decision rule for triage of emergency department patients with chest pain: design and methodology |journal=BMC Emerg Med |volume=8 |issue= |pages=3 |year=2008 |pmid=18254973 |pmc=2275746 |doi=10.1186/1471-227X-8-3 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-227X/8/3 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| North American Chest Pain Rule  <ref name="pmid18254973">{{cite journal |author=Hess EP, Wells GA, Jaffe A, Stiell IG |title=A study to derive a clinical decision rule for triage of emergency department patients with chest pain: design and methodology |journal=BMC Emerg Med |volume=8 |issue= |pages=3 |year=2008 |pmid=18254973 |pmc=2275746 |doi=10.1186/1471-227X-8-3 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-227X/8/3 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2008
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2008
| style="text-align:center"|For early discharge of patients with [[chest pain]].
| style="text-align:center"|For early discharge of patients with [[chest pain]].
|-
|-
| Vancouver chest pain rule <ref name="pmid16387209">{{cite journal |author=Christenson J, Innes G, McKnight D, Thompson CR, Wong H, Yu E, Boychuk B, Grafstein E, Rosenberg F, Gin K, Anis A, Singer J |title=A clinical prediction rule for early discharge of patients with chest pain |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16387209 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.08.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196-0644(05)01440-X |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Vancouver chest pain rule <ref name="pmid16387209">{{cite journal |author=Christenson J, Innes G, McKnight D, Thompson CR, Wong H, Yu E, Boychuk B, Grafstein E, Rosenberg F, Gin K, Anis A, Singer J |title=A clinical prediction rule for early discharge of patients with chest pain |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16387209 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.08.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196-0644(05)01440-X |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2006
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2006
| style="text-align:center"|For early discharge of patients with [[chest pain]].
| style="text-align:center"|For early discharge of patients with [[chest pain]].
|-
|-
| Duke treadmill score <ref name="pmid10493203">{{cite journal |author=Kwok JM, Miller TD, Christian TF, Hodge DO, Gibbons RJ |title=Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in symptomatic patients with nonspecific ST-T abnormalities on resting ECG |journal=JAMA |volume=282 |issue=11 |pages=1047–53 |year=1999 |month=September |pmid=10493203 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| Duke treadmill score <ref name="pmid10493203">{{cite journal |author=Kwok JM, Miller TD, Christian TF, Hodge DO, Gibbons RJ |title=Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in symptomatic patients with nonspecific ST-T abnormalities on resting ECG |journal=JAMA |volume=282 |issue=11 |pages=1047–53 |year=1999 |month=September |pmid=10493203 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| 1999
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1999
| style="text-align:center"| To risk-stratify patients with ST-T abnormalities on the resting ECG
| style="text-align:center"| To risk-stratify patients with ST-T abnormalities on the resting ECG
|-
|-
| Wilson et al <ref name="pmid9603539">{{cite journal |author=Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB |title=Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories |journal=Circulation |volume=97 |issue=18 |pages=1837–47 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9603539 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9603539 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/coronary.html] </sup>
| Wilson et al <ref name="pmid9603539">{{cite journal |author=Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB |title=Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories |journal=Circulation |volume=97 |issue=18 |pages=1837–47 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9603539 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9603539 |accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref> [[Framingham Heart Study]] <sup>[http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/coronary.html] </sup>
| 1998
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1998
| style="text-align:center"|10-year risk of [[coronary heart disease]].
| style="text-align:center"|10-year risk of [[coronary heart disease]].
|-
|-
| Diamond et al <ref name="pmid440357">{{cite journal |author=Diamond GA, Forrester JS |title=Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=300 |issue=24 |pages=1350–8 |year=1979 |month=June |pmid=440357 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197906143002402 |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM197906143002402?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| Diamond et al <ref name="pmid440357">{{cite journal |author=Diamond GA, Forrester JS |title=Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=300 |issue=24 |pages=1350–8 |year=1979 |month=June |pmid=440357 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197906143002402 |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM197906143002402?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| 1979
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1979
|  style="text-align:center"|Pretest probability of CAD.
|  style="text-align:center"|Pretest probability of CAD.
|-
|-
Line 245: Line 244:


====Angioplasty====
====Angioplasty====
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 252: Line 251:
|-
|-
| Halkin et al <ref name="pmid15862409">{{cite journal |author=Halkin A, Singh M, Nikolsky E, Grines CL, Tcheng JE, Garcia E, Cox DA, Turco M, Stuckey TD, Na Y, Lansky AJ, Gersh BJ, O'Neill WW, Mehran R, Stone GW |title=Prediction of mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: the CADILLAC risk score |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=1397–405 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15862409 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.041 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(05)00417-1 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Halkin et al <ref name="pmid15862409">{{cite journal |author=Halkin A, Singh M, Nikolsky E, Grines CL, Tcheng JE, Garcia E, Cox DA, Turco M, Stuckey TD, Na Y, Lansky AJ, Gersh BJ, O'Neill WW, Mehran R, Stone GW |title=Prediction of mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: the CADILLAC risk score |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=1397–405 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15862409 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.041 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(05)00417-1 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2005
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2005
| style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate  
| style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate  
|-
|-


|Fortescue et al <ref name="pmid12589866">{{cite journal |author=Fortescue EB, Kahn K, Bates DW |title=Major adverse outcomes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a clinical prediction rule |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=17–27 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12589866 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895435602005383 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
|Fortescue et al <ref name="pmid12589866">{{cite journal |author=Fortescue EB, Kahn K, Bates DW |title=Major adverse outcomes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a clinical prediction rule |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=17–27 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12589866 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895435602005383 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
|style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate
|style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate
|-
|-
| Singh et al <ref name="pmid12142101">{{cite journal |author=Singh M, Lennon RJ, Holmes DR, Bell MR, Rihal CS |title=Correlates of procedural complications and a simple integer risk score for percutaneous coronary intervention |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=387–93 |year=2002 |month=August |pmid=12142101 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109702019800 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Singh et al <ref name="pmid12142101">{{cite journal |author=Singh M, Lennon RJ, Holmes DR, Bell MR, Rihal CS |title=Correlates of procedural complications and a simple integer risk score for percutaneous coronary intervention |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=387–93 |year=2002 |month=August |pmid=12142101 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109702019800 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2002
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2002
| style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate
| style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate
|-
|-


| Resnic et al <ref name="pmid11423050">{{cite journal |author=Resnic FS, Ohno-Machado L, Selwyn A, Simon DI, Popma JJ |title=Simplified risk score models accurately predict the risk of major in-hospital complications following percutaneous coronary intervention |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=5–9 |year=2001 |month=July |pmid=11423050 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(01)01576-4 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Resnic et al <ref name="pmid11423050">{{cite journal |author=Resnic FS, Ohno-Machado L, Selwyn A, Simon DI, Popma JJ |title=Simplified risk score models accurately predict the risk of major in-hospital complications following percutaneous coronary intervention |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=5–9 |year=2001 |month=July |pmid=11423050 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9149(01)01576-4 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
| style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate
| style="text-align:center"|Angioplasty complication rate
|-
|-
| Moscucci et al <ref name="pmid11457742">{{cite journal |author=Moscucci M, Kline-Rogers E, Share D, O'Donnell M, Maxwell-Eward A, Meengs WL, Kraft P, DeFranco AC, Chambers JL, Patel K, McGinnity JG, Eagle KA |title=Simple bedside additive tool for prediction of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions |journal=Circulation |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=263–8 |year=2001 |month=July |pmid=11457742 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11457742 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| Moscucci et al <ref name="pmid11457742">{{cite journal |author=Moscucci M, Kline-Rogers E, Share D, O'Donnell M, Maxwell-Eward A, Meengs WL, Kraft P, DeFranco AC, Chambers JL, Patel K, McGinnity JG, Eagle KA |title=Simple bedside additive tool for prediction of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions |journal=Circulation |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=263–8 |year=2001 |month=July |pmid=11457742 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11457742 |accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref>
| 2001
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2001
|  style="text-align:center"|Mortality after angioplasty.
|  style="text-align:center"|Mortality after angioplasty.
|-
|-
Line 276: Line 275:


====Valve and Endocarditis====
====Valve and Endocarditis====
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 283: Line 282:
|-
|-
| Otto et al <ref name="pmid3143323">{{cite journal |author=Otto CM, Pearlman AS |title=Doppler echocardiography in adults with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Diagnostic utility and cost-effectiveness |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=148 |issue=12 |pages=2553–60 |year=1988 |month=December |pmid=3143323 |doi= |url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3143323 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| Otto et al <ref name="pmid3143323">{{cite journal |author=Otto CM, Pearlman AS |title=Doppler echocardiography in adults with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Diagnostic utility and cost-effectiveness |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=148 |issue=12 |pages=2553–60 |year=1988 |month=December |pmid=3143323 |doi= |url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3143323 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
  | 1988
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1988
   | style="text-align:center"|[[Aortic valve replacement|AV replacement]] in [[aortic stenosis]].
   | style="text-align:center"|[[Aortic valve replacement|AV replacement]] in [[aortic stenosis]].
|-
|-
   | Koplan et al <ref name="pmid12628725">{{cite journal |author=Koplan BA, Stevenson WG, Epstein LM, Aranki SF, Maisel WH |title=Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=795–801 |year=2003 |month=March |pmid=12628725 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109702029261 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
   | Koplan et al <ref name="pmid12628725">{{cite journal |author=Koplan BA, Stevenson WG, Epstein LM, Aranki SF, Maisel WH |title=Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=795–801 |year=2003 |month=March |pmid=12628725 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109702029261 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
  | 2003
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003
   | To predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery.
   | To predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery.
|-
|-
   | Hasbun et al <ref name="pmid12697795">{{cite journal |author=Hasbun R, Vikram HR, Barakat LA, Buenconsejo J, Quagliarello VJ |title=Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality |journal=JAMA |volume=289 |issue=15 |pages=1933–40 |year=2003 |month=April |pmid=12697795 |doi=10.1001/jama.289.15.1933 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12697795 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
   | Hasbun et al <ref name="pmid12697795">{{cite journal |author=Hasbun R, Vikram HR, Barakat LA, Buenconsejo J, Quagliarello VJ |title=Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality |journal=JAMA |volume=289 |issue=15 |pages=1933–40 |year=2003 |month=April |pmid=12697795 |doi=10.1001/jama.289.15.1933 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12697795 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
  | 2003  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2003  
   | style="text-align:center"| [[Endocarditis]] prognosis.
   | style="text-align:center"| [[Endocarditis]] prognosis.
|-
|-
Line 297: Line 296:


===Others===
===Others===
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 304: Line 303:
|-
|-
| Feringa et al <ref name="pmid18071171">{{cite journal |author=Feringa HH, Bax JJ, Hoeks S, van Waning VH, Elhendy A, Karagiannis S, Vidakovic R, Schouten O, Boersma E, Poldermans D |title=A prognostic risk index for long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=167 |issue=22 |pages=2482–9 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=18071171 |doi=10.1001/archinte.167.22.2482 |url=http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archinte.167.22.2482 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| Feringa et al <ref name="pmid18071171">{{cite journal |author=Feringa HH, Bax JJ, Hoeks S, van Waning VH, Elhendy A, Karagiannis S, Vidakovic R, Schouten O, Boersma E, Poldermans D |title=A prognostic risk index for long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=167 |issue=22 |pages=2482–9 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=18071171 |doi=10.1001/archinte.167.22.2482 |url=http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archinte.167.22.2482 |accessdate=2012-05-16}}</ref>
| 2007
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2007
| style="text-align:center"|[[Peripheral vascular disease]] prognosis.
| style="text-align:center"|[[Peripheral vascular disease]] prognosis.
|-
|-
Line 313: Line 312:


===Other Organ System===
===Other Organ System===
{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
|-
|-
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
! align="left" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Risk Score
Line 337: Line 336:




{|
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 800px;"
! colspan=2 align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Rules predicting complications in diseased patients  
! colspan=2 align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Rules predicting complications in diseased patients  
|-
|-

Revision as of 19:56, 23 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

A clinical prediction rule is type of medical research study in which researchers try to identify the best combination of medical sign, symptoms, and other findings in predicting the probability of a specific disease or outcome.[1]

Physicians have difficulty in estimated risks of diseases; frequently erring towards overestimation[2], perhaps due to cognitive biases such as base rate fallacy in which the risk of an adverse outcome is exaggerated.

Methods

In a prediction rule study, investigators identify a consecutive group of patients who are suspected of a having a specific disease or outcome. The investigators then compare the value of clinical findings available to the physician versus the results of more intensive testing or the results of delayed clinical follow up.

A survey of methods concluded "the majority of prediction studies in high impact journals do not follow current methodological recommendations, limiting their reliability and applicability."[3]

Effect on Health Outcomes

Few prediction rules have had the consequences of their usage by physicians quantified.[4]

When studied, the impact of providing the information alone (for example, providing the calculated probability of disease) has been negative.[5][6]

However, when the prediction rule is implemented as part of a critical pathway, so that a hospital or clinic has procedures and policies established for how to manage patients identified as high or low risk of disease, the prediction rule has more impact on clinical outcomes.[7]

The more intensively the prediction rule is implemented the more benefit will occur.[8]

Examples of Prediction Rules

Cardiovascular Diseases

Acute MI / Unstable Angina

For the main page on acute coronary syndromes, click here

Risk Score Year published Purpose
TIMI risk score 2000 Unstable Angina
TIMI risk score 2000 STEMI
Morrow et al (TIME II substudy) [9] 2001 Predicting mortality in STEMI
Silver et al [10] 1994 To predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after MI
The GRACE risk score 2003 For risk of death in NSTEMI
ACI-TIPI risk score [11] 1991 To assess the likelihood of patients having acute cardiac ischemia and thus the appropriateness of admitting them to the coronary care unit (CCU).
Goldman algorithm [12] 1988 To predict the likelihood that a patient has a myocardial infarction.
Hathaway et al [13] 1998 Prognosis based on initial ECG
Selker et al [14] 1991 Risk of death in AMI
Piombo et al [15] 2003 To stratify risk in unstable angina.
Solomon et al [16] 2001 To identify which patients benefit from immediate coronary angiography and revascularization.
Sabatine et al [17] 2001 Benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation

Risk Score Year published Purpose
HAS-BLED 2010 Bleeding risk stratification score for those on oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation.
ABCD 2 [18] 2010 Stroke risk with TIA
CHA2DS2-VASc Score 2009 To predict clinical risk of stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation.
Schnabel et al [19] Framingham Heart Study [3] 2009 10 years risk of Atrial fibrillation
HEMORR2HAGES [20] 2006 Bleeding Risk Score
ABCD [21] 2005 Stroke risk after TIA
van Walraven et al [22] 2003 Stroke risk - atrial fib
Wang et al [23] 2003 To predict 1 year stroke mortality
Counsel et al [24] 2003 Acute stroke prognosis (6 variable score)
Wang et al [25] Framingham Heart Study [4] 2003 Stroke after Atrial fibrillation
Wang et al [25] Framingham Heart Study [5] 2003 Stroke or death after Atrial fibrillation.
Efstathiou et al [26] 2002 To differentiate Ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke
Lumley et al [27] 2002 To predict stroke in elderly.
CHADS2 2001 Risk of stroke with AFIB
Baird et al [28] 2001 To predict stroke recovery.
Wang et al [29] 2001 To predict 30 days stroke mortality
NIH Stroke Scale [30] 1999 To predicts the likelihood of a patient's recovery after stroke.
Cincinnati stroke scale [31] 1999 Stroke diagnosis
D'Agostino et al [32] Framingham Heart Study [6] 1994 Risk of stroke

Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Risk Score Year published Purpose
Wells score 2000 Pulmonary embolism

Hypertension, Lipid and Screening

Risk Score Year published Purpose
Parikh et al [33] Framingham Heart Study [7] 2008 Hypertension Risk Score
NCEP ATP III [34] 2001 Screening: lipid guideline
Krijnen et al [35] 1998 To predict renal artery stenosis.
Murabito et al [36] Framingham Heart Study [8] 1997 Intermittent claudication

Chest Pain and CAD

Risk Score Year published Purpose
Panic Screening Score [37] 2011 Screening score to improve recognition of panic-like anxiety in emergency department (ED) patients with unexplained chest pain.
Pencina et al [38] Framingham Heart Study [9] 2009 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease.
North American Chest Pain Rule [39] 2008 For early discharge of patients with chest pain.
Vancouver chest pain rule [40] 2006 For early discharge of patients with chest pain.
Duke treadmill score [41] 1999 To risk-stratify patients with ST-T abnormalities on the resting ECG
Wilson et al [42] Framingham Heart Study [10] 1998 10-year risk of coronary heart disease.
Diamond et al [43] 1979 Pretest probability of CAD.

Angioplasty

Risk Score Year published Purpose
Halkin et al [44] 2005 Angioplasty complication rate
Fortescue et al [45] 2003 Angioplasty complication rate
Singh et al [46] 2002 Angioplasty complication rate
Resnic et al [47] 2001 Angioplasty complication rate
Moscucci et al [48] 2001 Mortality after angioplasty.

Valve and Endocarditis

Risk Score Year published Purpose
Otto et al [49] 1988 AV replacement in aortic stenosis.
Koplan et al [50] 2003 To predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery.
Hasbun et al [51] 2003 Endocarditis prognosis.

Others

Risk Score Year published Purpose
Feringa et al [52] 2007 Peripheral vascular disease prognosis.



Other Organ System

Risk Score Purpose
Gastroentestinal diseases
Ranson criteria To predict the severity of acute pancreatitis.
Tygerberg score To diffrentiate tuberculosis as a cause of pericarditis.
Orthopedic diseases
QFracture score Osteoporosis [11]
Ottawa ankle rules To decide for offering Xray to patient with foot or ankle pain.


Rules predicting complications in diseased patients
Risk Score Purpose
Pneumonia severity index To calculate the probability of morbidityand mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia.
CURB-65 To predict mortality in community-acquired pneumonia.
MELD To assess the severity of chronic liver disease.
Apnea-hypopnea index To assess the overall severity of sleep apnea.
Amar et al [53] To calculate pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery for primary Lung Cancer

Adverse Effects

Patients may not be comfortable with the way a doctor may integrate decision support into practice.[54]

References

  1. McGinn TG, Guyatt GH, Wyer PC, Naylor CD, Stiell IG, Richardson WS (2000). "Users' guides to the medical literature: XXII: how to use articles about clinical decision rules. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group". JAMA. 284 (1): 79–84. PMID 10872017.
  2. Friedmann PD, Brett AS, Mayo-Smith MF (1996). "Differences in generalists' and cardiologists' perceptions of cardiovascular risk and the outcomes of preventive therapy in cardiovascular disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 124 (4): 414–21. PMID 8554250.
  3. Bouwmeester W, Zuithoff NP, Mallett S, Geerlings MI, Vergouwe Y, Steyerberg EW; et al. (2012). "Reporting and methods in clinical prediction research: a systematic review". PLoS Med. 9 (5): e1001221. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001221. PMID 22629234.
  4. Reilly BM, Evans AT (2006). "Translating clinical research into clinical practice: impact of using prediction rules to make decisions". Ann. Intern. Med. 144 (3): 201–9. PMID 16461965.
  5. Lee TH, Pearson SD, Johnson PA; et al. (1995). "Failure of information as an intervention to modify clinical management. A time-series trial in patients with acute chest pain". Ann. Intern. Med. 122 (6): 434–7. PMID 7856992.
  6. Poses RM, Cebul RD, Wigton RS (1995). "You can lead a horse to water--improving physicians' knowledge of probabilities may not affect their decisions". Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making. 15 (1): 65–75. PMID 7898300.
  7. Marrie TJ, Lau CY, Wheeler SL, Wong CJ, Vandervoort MK, Feagan BG (2000). "A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. CAPITAL Study Investigators. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin". JAMA. 283 (6): 749–55. PMID 10683053.
  8. Yealy DM, Auble TE, Stone RA; et al. (2005). "Effect of increasing the intensity of implementing pneumonia guidelines: a randomized, controlled trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 143 (12): 881–94. PMID 16365469.
  9. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Cairns R, Charlesworth A, Murphy SA, de Lemos JA, McCabe CH, Braunwald E (2001). "A simple risk index for rapid initial triage of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an InTIME II substudy". Lancet. 358 (9293): 1571–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06649-1. PMID 11716882. Retrieved 2012-05-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. Silver MT, Rose GA, Paul SD, O'Donnell CJ, O'Gara PT, Eagle KA (1994). "A clinical rule to predict preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after myocardial infarction". Ann. Intern. Med. 121 (10): 750–6. PMID 7944052. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  11. Selker HP, Griffith JL, D'Agostino RB (1991). "A tool for judging coronary care unit admission appropriateness, valid for both real-time and retrospective use. A time-insensitive predictive instrument (TIPI) for acute cardiac ischemia: a multicenter study". Med Care. 29 (7): 610–27. PMID 2072767. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
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  13. Hathaway WR, Peterson ED, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Zabel KM, Pieper KS, Clark KA, Woodlief LH, Califf RM (1998). "Prognostic significance of the initial electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-I Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries". JAMA. 279 (5): 387–91. PMID 9459474. Retrieved 2012-05-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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