Multiple sclerosis future or investigational therapies: Difference between revisions

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==Future or Investigational Therapies==
==Future or Investigational Therapies==
A number of treatments that may curtail attacks or improve function are under investigation. Some of these treatments involve the combination of drugs that are already in use for multiple sclerosis, such as the joint administration of [[mitoxantrone]] and [[glatiramer acetate]] (''Copaxone'').<ref>[http://www.mxga-mstrial.co.uk United Kingdom early Mitoxantrone Copaxone trial.] Onyx Healthcare (2006-01-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref> However, most treatments already in clinical trials involve drugs that are used in other diseases. These are [[alemtuzumab]] (trade name ''Campath''),<ref>[http://www.genzyme.com/corp/media/GENZ%20PR-050207.asp Genzyme and Bayer HealthCare Announce Detailed Interim Two-Year Alemtuzumab in Multiple Sclerosis Data Presented at AAN.] Genzyme (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref> [[daclizumab]] (trade name ''Zenapax''),<ref>[http://www.pdl.com/index.cfm?navId=49 Daclizumab.] PDL Biopharma  (2006-01-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref> [[inosine]],<ref>[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00067327 Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Using Over the Counter Inosine.] ClinicalTrials.gov (2006-03-16). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref>BG00012,<ref>[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00420212?term=biogen&recr=Open&rank=12 Efficacy and Safety of BG00012 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.] ClinicalTrials.gov (2007-09-01). Retrieved on 2007-11-12.</ref> [[fingolimod]],<ref>[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00289978 Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.] ClinicalTrials.gov (2006-02-09). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref> and teriflunomide, the active metabolite of the [[DMARD]] [[leflunomide]]. Alemtuzumab performed better than interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting MS reducing disability, imaging abnormalities and frequence of relapses, at the cost of increased [[autoimmunity]] problems. These included three cases of [[immune thrombocytopenic purpura|thrombocytopenic purpura]] which led to the suspension of the therapy.<ref name="pmid1234567">{{cite journal |author=The CAMMS223 Trial Investigators |title=Alemtuzumab vs. Interferon Beta-1a in Early Multiple Sclerosis |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=359 |issue=17 |pages=1786–1801 |year=2008 |pmid=18946064 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Therapies under investigation:
 
* Combination of MS drugs: Combination of [[mitoxantrone]] and [[glatiramer acetate]].<ref>[http://www.mxga-mstrial.co.uk United Kingdom early Mitoxantrone Copaxone trial.] Onyx Healthcare (2006-01-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref>  
Other drugs in clinical trials have been designed specifically for MS, such as [[laquinimod]],<ref name="pmid15781813">{{cite journal |author=Polman C, Barkhof F, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Linde A, Nordle O, Nederman T |title=Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS |journal=Neurology |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=987–91 |year=2005 |pmid=15781813|doi=10.1212/01.WNL.0000154520.48391.69}}</ref> and ''[[Neurovax]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Darlington CL |title=Technology evaluation: NeuroVax, Immune Response Corp |journal=Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=598–603 |year=2005|pmid=16370383 |doi=}}</ref>
* drugs that are used in other diseases: [[alemtuzumab]]<ref>[http://www.genzyme.com/corp/media/GENZ%20PR-050207.asp Genzyme and Bayer HealthCare Announce Detailed Interim Two-Year Alemtuzumab in Multiple Sclerosis Data Presented at AAN.] Genzyme (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref>, [[daclizumab]] <ref>[http://www.pdl.com/index.cfm?navId=49 Daclizumab.] PDL Biopharma  (2006-01-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref>, [[inosine]]<ref>[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00067327 Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Using Over the Counter Inosine.] ClinicalTrials.gov (2006-03-16). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref>, BG00012<ref>[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00420212?term=biogen&recr=Open&rank=12 Efficacy and Safety of BG00012 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.] ClinicalTrials.gov (2007-09-01). Retrieved on 2007-11-12.</ref>, [[fingolimod]]<ref>[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00289978 Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.] ClinicalTrials.gov (2006-02-09). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref> and teriflunomide.  
 
* drugs designed specifically for MS: [[laquinimod]]<ref name="pmid15781813">{{cite journal |author=Polman C, Barkhof F, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Linde A, Nordle O, Nederman T |title=Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS |journal=Neurology |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=987–91 |year=2005 |pmid=15781813|doi=10.1212/01.WNL.0000154520.48391.69}}</ref> and ''[[Neurovax]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Darlington CL |title=Technology evaluation: NeuroVax, Immune Response Corp |journal=Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=598–603 |year=2005|pmid=16370383 |doi=}}</ref>
[[Low dose naltrexone]] has been prescribed off-label for certain autoimmune disorders, including MS, and there is anecdotal evidence of benefit,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Agrawal YP |title=Low dose naltrexone therapy in multiple sclerosis |journal=Med. Hypotheses |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=721–4 |year=2005 |pmid=15694688 |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.024|url=}}</ref><ref>[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Low+dose+naltrexone+Multiple+Sclerosis search of clinicaltrials.gov data-base for Low dose naltrexone Multiple Sclerosis]</ref> but only two small clinical trials have been conducted (as on December 2008), one in San Francisco, USA,<ref>[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00501696?term=Low+dose+naltrexone+Multiple+Sclerosis&rank=1 2007 clinical trial using LDN]</ref> the other for the primary progressive variety in Milan, Italy.<ref name="pmid18728058">{{cite journal |author=Gironi M, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Sacerdote P, Solaro C, Zaffaroni M, Cavarretta R, Moiola L, Bucello S, Radaelli M, Pilato V, Rodegher M, Cursi M, Franchi S, Martinelli V, Nemni R, Comi G, Martino G |title=A pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. |journal=Multiple Sclerosis|volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1076–83 |year=2008 |pmid=18728058 |doi=}}</ref>
* Others: [[Low dose naltrexone]] is used for some [[autoimmune diseases]] such as multiple sclerosis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Agrawal YP |title=Low dose naltrexone therapy in multiple sclerosis |journal=Med. Hypotheses |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=721–4 |year=2005 |pmid=15694688 |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.024|url=}}</ref><ref>[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Low+dose+naltrexone+Multiple+Sclerosis search of clinicaltrials.gov data-base for Low dose naltrexone Multiple Sclerosis]</ref>  


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:04, 4 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Future or Investigational Therapies

Therapies under investigation:

References

  1. United Kingdom early Mitoxantrone Copaxone trial. Onyx Healthcare (2006-01-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.
  2. Genzyme and Bayer HealthCare Announce Detailed Interim Two-Year Alemtuzumab in Multiple Sclerosis Data Presented at AAN. Genzyme (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.
  3. Daclizumab. PDL Biopharma (2006-01-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.
  4. Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Using Over the Counter Inosine. ClinicalTrials.gov (2006-03-16). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.
  5. Efficacy and Safety of BG00012 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. ClinicalTrials.gov (2007-09-01). Retrieved on 2007-11-12.
  6. Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. ClinicalTrials.gov (2006-02-09). Retrieved on 2007-09-02.
  7. Polman C, Barkhof F, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Linde A, Nordle O, Nederman T (2005). "Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS". Neurology. 64 (6): 987–91. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000154520.48391.69. PMID 15781813.
  8. Darlington CL (2005). "Technology evaluation: NeuroVax, Immune Response Corp". Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 7 (6): 598–603. PMID 16370383.
  9. Agrawal YP (2005). "Low dose naltrexone therapy in multiple sclerosis". Med. Hypotheses. 64 (4): 721–4. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.024. PMID 15694688.
  10. search of clinicaltrials.gov data-base for Low dose naltrexone Multiple Sclerosis


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