Neonatal jaundice causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Neonatal jaundice is caused by [[hemolysis]] of the [[RBCs]] mainly due to either [[intravascular]] causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include | Neonatal jaundice is caused by [[hemolysis]] of the [[RBCs]] mainly due to either [[intravascular]] causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include non-hemolytic causes such as [[cephalosporin]] induced [[jaundice]], [[genetic mutations]] of the [[UGT1A1|UGT enzyme]], and [[Hepatic|hepatic causes]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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=== Common causes === | === Common causes === | ||
* Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Poland|first=R L|coauthors=Schultz GE, Gayatri G|title=High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice.|journal=Pediatr Res|year=1980|volume=14|pages=1328–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Murphy|first=J F|coauthors=Hughes I, Verrier Jones ER, Gaskell S, Pike AW.|title=Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice.|journal=Arch Dis Child|year=1981|volume=56|pages=474–76}}</ref> | * Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Poland|first=R L|coauthors=Schultz GE, Gayatri G|title=High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice.|journal=Pediatr Res|year=1980|volume=14|pages=1328–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Murphy|first=J F|coauthors=Hughes I, Verrier Jones ER, Gaskell S, Pike AW.|title=Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice.|journal=Arch Dis Child|year=1981|volume=56|pages=474–76}}</ref> | ||
** Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include | ** Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include: | ||
** Intrinsic causes of hemolysis | *** '''Intrinsic causes of hemolysis''' | ||
***[[Spherocytosis]] | ****[[Spherocytosis]] | ||
***[[Hereditary elliptocytosis]] | ****[[Hereditary elliptocytosis]] | ||
**Systemic contitions | ***'''Systemic contitions''' | ||
***[[Splenomegaly]] | ****[[Splenomegaly]] | ||
***[[Sepsis]] | ****[[Sepsis]] | ||
***[[Arteriovenous malformation]] | ****[[Arteriovenous malformation]] | ||
**Enzyme conditions | ***'''Enzyme conditions''' | ||
***[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] (also called G6PD deficiency) | ****[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] (also called [[G6PD deficiency]]) | ||
***[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | ****[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | ||
**Globin synthesis defect | ***'''Globin synthesis defect''' | ||
***[[Alpha-thalassemia]] | ****[[Alpha-thalassemia]] | ||
**Extrinsic causes of hemolysis | ***'''Extrinsic causes of hemolysis''' | ||
***[[Alloimmunity]] (The neonatal or [[cord blood]] gives a positive [[Coombs test#Direct Coombs test|direct Coombs test]] and the maternal blood gives a positive [[Coombs test#Indirect Coombs est|indirect Coombs test]]) | ****[[Alloimmunity]] (The neonatal or [[cord blood]] gives a positive [[Coombs test#Direct Coombs test|direct Coombs test]] and the maternal blood gives a positive [[Coombs test#Indirect Coombs est|indirect Coombs test]]) | ||
***[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)]] | ****[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)]] | ||
***[[Rh disease]] | ****[[Rh disease]] | ||
=== Less common causes === | === Less common causes === | ||
* Less common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following disorders:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kumral|first=A|coauthors=Ozkan H, Duman N, et al.|title=Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor|journal=Pediatr Res|year=2009|volume=66|pages=218–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arias|first=IM|coauthors=Gartner LM, Seifter S, Furman M|title=Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro.|journal=J Clin Invest|year=1964|volume=43|pages=2037–47}}</ref> | * Less common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following disorders:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kumral|first=A|coauthors=Ozkan H, Duman N, et al.|title=Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor|journal=Pediatr Res|year=2009|volume=66|pages=218–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arias|first=IM|coauthors=Gartner LM, Seifter S, Furman M|title=Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro.|journal=J Clin Invest|year=1964|volume=43|pages=2037–47}}</ref> | ||
** Non-hemolytic causes | ** '''Non-hemolytic causes''' | ||
***[[ | ***[[Cephalhematoma]] | ||
***[[Polycythemia]] | ***[[Polycythemia]] | ||
***[[Sepsis]] | ***[[Sepsis]] | ||
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***[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]] | ***[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]] | ||
* Hepatic causes | * '''Hepatic causes''' | ||
**Infections | **'''Infections''' | ||
***[[Sepsis]] | ***[[Sepsis]] | ||
***[[Hepatitis B]], [[TORCH syndrome|TORCH infections]] | ***[[Hepatitis B]], [[TORCH syndrome|TORCH infections]] | ||
**Metabolic | **'''Metabolic''' | ||
***[[Galactosemia]] | ***[[Galactosemia]] | ||
***[[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]] | ***[[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]] | ||
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**Idiopathic | **Idiopathic | ||
* Post-hepatic | * '''Post-hepatic''' | ||
**[[Biliary atresia]] | **[[Biliary atresia]] | ||
*[[Bile duct]] obstruction | *[[Bile duct]] obstruction |
Revision as of 18:29, 15 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Neonatal jaundice is caused by hemolysis of the RBCs mainly due to either intravascular causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include non-hemolytic causes such as cephalosporin induced jaundice, genetic mutations of the UGT enzyme, and hepatic causes.
Causes
Common causes
- Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following:[1][2]
- Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include:
- Intrinsic causes of hemolysis
- Systemic contitions
- Enzyme conditions
- Globin synthesis defect
- Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include:
- Extrinsic causes of hemolysis
- Alloimmunity (The neonatal or cord blood gives a positive direct Coombs test and the maternal blood gives a positive indirect Coombs test)
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
- Rh disease
- Extrinsic causes of hemolysis
Less common causes
- Hepatic causes
- Infections
- Metabolic
- Drugs- Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Idiopathic
- Post-hepatic
- Bile duct obstruction
References
- ↑ Poland, R L (1980). "High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice". Pediatr Res. 14: 1328–31. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Murphy, J F (1981). "Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice". Arch Dis Child. 56: 474–76. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Kumral, A (2009). "Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor". Pediatr Res. 66: 218–21. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Arias, IM (1964). "Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro". J Clin Invest. 43: 2037–47. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help)