Acute diarrhea pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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*Delayed transit time may lead to symptoms such as [[steatorrhea]], usually up to 14 g per day.<ref name="pmid2794043">{{cite journal| author=Hammer HF, Santa Ana CA, Schiller LR, Fordtran JS| title=Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 1989 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 1056-62 | pmid=2794043 | doi=10.1172/JCI114267 | pmc=329760 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2794043  }} </ref>  
*Delayed transit time may lead to symptoms such as [[steatorrhea]], usually up to 14 g per day.<ref name="pmid2794043">{{cite journal| author=Hammer HF, Santa Ana CA, Schiller LR, Fordtran JS| title=Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 1989 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 1056-62 | pmid=2794043 | doi=10.1172/JCI114267 | pmc=329760 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2794043  }} </ref>  


==Genetics==
==Genetics, Associated conditions, Gross pathology and Microscopic pathology==
*[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
For the details of the [[genetics]], associated conditions, [[Gross examination|gross]] and [[microscopic]] [[pathology]] of the following causes of acute [[diarrhea]], click the links below.
*Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
*[[Ulcerative colitis pathophysiology#Pathphysiology|Ulcerative colitis]]
*The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
*[[Crohn's disease pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Crohn's disease]]
 
*[[Lactose intolerance pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Lactose intolerance]]
==Associated Conditions==
*[[Cholera pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Cholera]]
 
*[[Microsporidiosis pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Microsporidiosis]]
==Gross Pathology==
*[[Giardiasis pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Giardiasis]]
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
*[[Cryptosporidiosis pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Cryptosporidiosis]]
 
*[[Hyperthyroidism pathophysiology#Pathophysiology|Hyperthyroidism]]
==Microscopic Pathology==
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:53, 9 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

The exact pathogenesis of acute diarrhea is different for infectious and non-infectious causes. Diarrhea is a condition of altered intestinal water and electrolyte transport. The pathophysiology of acute diarrhea includes osmotic, secretory, inflammatory types, and diarrhea due to altered motility.[1]

Osmotic diarrhea

Stool osmotic gap in cases of osmotic diarrhea is characterized by osmotic gap >125 mOsm/kg. In case of osmotic diarrhea, fasting leads to cessation of diarrhea.

Secretory diarrhea

Secretory diarrhea results from disordered electrolyte transport and is the result of alteration of the absorptive role of the gut to a secretory one. In secretory diarrheas, stool osmotic gap is <50 mOsm/kg and fasting does not lead to diarrhea cessation.

Inflammatory diarrhea

Disruption of the normal colonic epithelial barrier by microorganisms is mainly responsible for inflammatory diarrhea. This disruption may lead to exudative, secretory, or malabsorptive components of inflammatory diarrhea.

Motility disorders causing diarrhea

Both rapid and slow transit time are associated with motility disorders causing diarrhea.

Genetics, Associated conditions, Gross pathology and Microscopic pathology

For the details of the genetics, associated conditions, gross and microscopic pathology of the following causes of acute diarrhea, click the links below.

References

  1. Sweetser S (2012). "Evaluating the patient with diarrhea: a case-based approach". Mayo Clin Proc. 87 (6): 596–602. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.015. PMC 3538472. PMID 22677080.
  2. Suarez FL, Savaiano DA, Levitt MD (1995). "A comparison of symptoms after the consumption of milk or lactose-hydrolyzed milk by people with self-reported severe lactose intolerance". N Engl J Med. 333 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1056/NEJM199507063330101. PMID 7776987.
  3. Morris AI, Turnberg LA (1979). "Surreptitious laxative abuse". Gastroenterology. 77 (4 Pt 1): 780–6. PMID 467934.
  4. Pardi DS, Smyrk TC, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ (2002). "Microscopic colitis: a review". Am J Gastroenterol. 97 (4): 794–802. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05595.x. PMID 12003412.
  5. Hammer HF, Santa Ana CA, Schiller LR, Fordtran JS (1989). "Studies of osmotic diarrhea induced in normal subjects by ingestion of polyethylene glycol and lactulose". J Clin Invest. 84 (4): 1056–62. doi:10.1172/JCI114267. PMC 329760. PMID 2794043.

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